Novel risk factors for premature peripheral arterial occlusive disease in non-diabetic patients: a case-control study.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of genetic and environmental vascular risk factors in non diabetic patients with premature peripheral arterial disease, either peripheral arterial occlusive disease or thromboangiitis obliterans, the two main entities of peripheral arterial disease, and to established whether some of them are specifically associated with one or another of the premature peripheral arterial disease subgroups.

METHODS AND RESULTS:

This study included 113 non diabetic patients with premature peripheral arterial disease (diagnosis <45-year old) presenting either a peripheral arterial occlusive disease (N = 64) or a thromboangiitis obliterans (N = 49), and 241 controls matched for age and gender. Both patient groups demonstrated common traits including cigarette smoking, low physical activity, decreased levels of HDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (active form of B6 vitamin) and zinc. Premature peripheral arterial occlusive disease was characterized by the presence of a family history of peripheral arterial and carotid artery diseases (OR 2.3 and 5.8 respectively, 95% CI), high lipoprotein (a) levels above 300 mg/L (OR 2.3, 95% CI), the presence of the factor V Leiden (OR 5.1, 95% CI) and the glycoprotein Ia(807T,837T,873A) allele (OR 2.3, 95% CI). In thromboangiitis obliterans group, more patients were regular consumers of cannabis (OR 3.5, 95% CI) and higher levels in plasma copper has been shown (OR 6.5, 95% CI).

CONCLUSIONS:

According to our results from a non exhaustive list of study parameters, we might hypothesize for 1) a genetic basis for premature peripheral arterial occlusive disease development and 2) the prevalence of environmental factors in the development of thromboangiitis obliterans (tobacco and cannabis). Moreover, for the first time, we demonstrated that the 807T/837T/873A allele of platelet glycoprotein Ia may confer an additional risk for development of peripheral atherosclerosis in premature peripheral arterial occlusive disease.

• Authors: Annie M Bérard, Aurélie Bedel, Rémi Le Trequesser, Geneviève Freyburger, Alan Nurden, Sylvie Colomer, Viviane Guérin, Marie-Christine Vergnes, François Becker, Gabriel Camelot, Luc Bressolette, Philippe Lacroix, Jean-Pierre Cambou, Alessandra Bura-Rivière, Joseph Emmerich, Michel Darmon, Anne-Marie Deletraz, Samir Mesli, Brigitte Colombies, Virginie Vanbrugghe, Claude Conri, Joël Constans
• Journal: PloS one (PLoS One) Vol. 8 Issue 3 Pg. e37882 ( 2013) ISSN: 1932-6203 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 23533563 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Histocompatibility Antigens Class II

Topics

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Age Factors
• Case-Control Studies
• Female
• Histocompatibility Antigens Class II (genetics)
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Peripheral Arterial Disease (epidemiology, genetics)
• Polymorphism, Genetic (genetics)
• Risk Factors
• Smoking (adverse effects)
• Thromboangiitis Obliterans (epidemiology, genetics)
• Young Adult