Cannabinoids are neuroprotective in models of neurodegenerative
dementias. Their effects are mostly mediated through CB1 and
CB2 receptor-dependent modulation of excitotoxicity,
inflammation, oxidative stress, and other processes. We tested the effects of Sativex®, a mixture of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and
cannabidiol, acting on both CB1 and CB2 receptors, in parkin-null, human tau overexpressing (PK-/-/TauVLW) mice, a model of complex
frontotemporal dementia,
parkinsonism, and
lower motor neuron disease. The animals received Sativex®, 4.63 mg/kg, ip, daily, for one month, at six months of age, at the onset of the clinical symptoms. We evaluated the effects of Sativex® on behavior,
dopamine neurotransmission, glial activation, redox state, mitochondrial activity, and deposition of abnormal
proteins. PK-/-/TauVLW mice developed the neurological deficits, but those treated with Sativex® showed less abnormal behaviors related to stress, less auto and hetero-aggression, and less stereotypy. Sativex® significantly reduced the intraneuronal,
MAO-related
free radicals produced during
dopamine metabolism in the limbic system. Sativex® also decreased
gliosis in cortex and hippocampus, increased the ratio reduced/
oxidized glutathione in the limbic system, reduced the levels of iNOS, and increased those of complex IV in the cerebral cortex. With regard to tau and
amyloid pathology, Sativex® reduced the deposition of both in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of PK-/-/TauVLW mice and increased autophagy. Sativex®, even after a short administration in animals with present behavioral and pathological abnormalities, improves the phenotype, the oxidative stress, and the deposition of
proteins in PK-/-/TauVLW mice, a model of complex
neurodegenerative disorders.