An in vitro evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effects of platelet-rich plasma, ketorolac, and methylprednisolone.

Abstract

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this study was to quantify the extent of the anti-inflammatory effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in a controlled in vitro environment.

METHODS:

Through the stimulation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells with inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α and interferon γ), cell adhesion molecule expression (E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule, and human leukocyte antigen DR) and PRP's anti-inflammatory effect can be measured. PRP was produced from 3 individuals using a single-spin (PRPLP) process. Treatment groups include negative (unstimulated) controls, positive (stimulated) controls, ketorolac tromethamine, methylprednisolone, PRP, ketorolac-PRP, and methylprednisolone-PRP. A fluorescence assay of the cellular inflammation markers was measured by the BioTek Synergy HT plate reader (BioTek Instruments, Winooski, VT) at 0, 1, 2, and 5 days.

RESULTS:

At days 2 and 5, methylprednisolone treatment showed a 2.1- to 5.8-fold reduction (P < .05) in inflammation markers over PRP. In addition, PRP and ketorolac showed a 1.4- to 2.5-fold reduction (P < .05) in cellular inflammation markers over the control. There was no statistically significant difference between ketorolac and PRP.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although PRP and ketorolac reduced cellular inflammation markers (E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule, and human leukocyte antigen DR) compared with control, neither caused as great a reduction as methylprednisolone.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE:

Although PRP and ketorolac did not produce as significant a reduction in cellular inflammation markers as methylprednisolone, they reduced cellular inflammation compared with the control. These agents may have clinical application as injectable anti-inflammatory medications.

• Authors: Augustus D Mazzocca, Mary Beth R McCarthy, Jessica Intravia, Knut Beitzel, John Apostolakos, Mark P Cote, James Bradley, Robert A Arciero
• Journal: Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association (Arthroscopy) Vol. 29 Issue 4 Pg. 675-83 (Apr 2013) ISSN: 1526-3231 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 23395471 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2013 Arthroscopy Association of North America. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Anti-Inflammatory Agents
• Methylprednisolone
• Ketorolac

Topics

• Adult
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents (pharmacology)
• Cells, Cultured
• Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (drug effects, immunology)
• Humans
• Inflammation
• Ketorolac (pharmacology)
• Male
• Methylprednisolone (pharmacology)
• Platelet-Rich Plasma (immunology)
• Young Adult