This study evaluated the antitumor effects of
icariside II (IS), isolated from Herba
Epimedii, on in vitro and in vivo models of
melanoma and determined its mechanism of apoptosis. Mouse (B16) and human (A375, SK-MEL-5)
melanoma cell lines were treated with IS at different concentrations (0-100 μM). Cell viability and proliferation was detected by WST-1 assay and with the xCELLigence system, respectively. Apoptosis was measured by the
annexin-V/PI flow cytometric assay. Western blot was used to measure cleaved
caspase 3,
survivin, P-STAT3, P-ERK and P-AKT. B16 and A375 cells were injected subcutaneously into C57BL/6J and BALB/c-nu mice, respectively. After 1 wk, IS
solution at (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg) was administered by
intraperitoneal injection 3 times for a week.
Tumor size was measured with an electronic digital caliper. IS inhibited the proliferation of
melanoma cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Treatment of A375 cells with IS resulted in an increased number of apoptotic cells ranging from 5.6% to 26.3% mirrored by increases in cleaved
caspase-3 and a decrease in
survivin expression. IS significantly inhibited the activation of the JAK-STAT3 and MAPK pathways but promoted an unsustained activation peak of the PI3K-AKT pathway. IS administration (50 mg/kg) resulted in a 47.5% decreased
tumor volume in A375 bearing mice. Furthermore, IS administration (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg) resulted in 41% and 49% decreased
tumor volume in B16 bearing mice, respectively. IS dramatically inhibited the proliferation of
melanoma cells in vivo and in vitro through the regulation of apoptosis. These effects demonstrate the ability of IS to effectively overcome the survival signals of
tumor cells, which support further preclinical evaluation of IS in
cancer as a new potential chemotherapeutic agent.