In the present study, active fractions of the methanolic extract of Xanthium strumarium (XS) showing potent cytotoxicity were determined using microculture tetrazolium (MTT) and
sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays in selected
cancer cell lines. The active fractions viz.,
chloroform soluble fraction of root (CEXSR),
hexane soluble fraction of leaf (HEXSL),
hexane soluble fraction of fruits (HEXSF) and
chloroform soluble fraction of fruits (CEXSF) of XS were tested in transplantable animal
tumor models for their antitumor potential. Dalton's ascitic
lymphoma (DLA) cells were used to induce solid and liquid (
ascites)
tumor in mice. The
tumor bearing animals were treated with active fractions at two dose levels (100 and 200 mg/kg). The antitumor activities of the active fractions in
tumor bearing animals were monitored with parameters such as
body weight and increase in life-span as well as biochemical and hematological modalities (in the case of liquid
tumor).
Tumor incidence and
tumor volume were the parameters monitored in the case of the solid
tumor model. The results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. The extracts were found to increase the life-span of
tumor bearing animals and restore the altered hematological and biochemical parameters significantly.