Malvidin, a red wine polyphenol, modulates mammalian myocardial and coronary performance and protects the heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Abstract

A moderate red wine consumption and a colored fruit-rich diet protect the cardiovascular system, thanks to the presence of several polyphenols. Malvidin-3-0-glucoside (malvidin), an anthocyanidine belonging to polyphenols, is highly present in red grape skin and red wine. Its biological activity is poorly characterized, although a role in tumor cell inhibition has been found. To analyze whether and to which extent, like other food-derived polyphenols, malvidin affects the cardiovascular function, in this study, we have performed a quantitative analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography of polyphenolic content of red grape skins extract, showing that it contains a high malvidin amount (63.93 ±12.50 mg/g of fresh grape skin). By using the isolated and Langendorff perfused rat heart, we found that the increasing doses (1-1000 ng/ml) of the extract induced positive inotropic and negative lusitropic effects associated with coronary dilation. On the same cardiac preparations, we observed that malvidin (10(-10)-10(-6) mol/L) elicited negative inotropism and lusitropism and coronary dilation. Analysis of mechanism of action revealed that malvidin-dependent cardiac effects require the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP/PKG pathway and are associated with increased intracellular cGMP and the phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), PI3K-AKT, ERK1/2, and GSK-3β. AKT and eNOS phosphorylation was confirmed in human umbilical vein endothelial cell. We also found that malvidin act as a postconditioning agent, being able to elicit cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion damages. Our results show the cardioactivity of polyphenols-rich red grape extracts and indicate malvidin as a new cardioprotective principle. This is of relevance not only for a better clarification of the beneficial cardiovascular effects of food-derived polyphenols but also for nutraceutical research.

• Authors: Anna Maria Quintieri, Noemi Baldino, Elisabetta Filice, Lucia Seta, Antonio Vitetti, Bruno Tota, Bruno De Cindio, Maria Carmela Cerra, Tommaso Angelone
• Journal: The Journal of nutritional biochemistry (J Nutr Biochem) Vol. 24 Issue 7 Pg. 1221-31 (Jul 2013) ISSN: 1873-4847 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 23266283 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Anthocyanins
• malvidin
• Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
• GSK3B protein, human
• Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta
• Gsk3b protein, rat
• Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
• Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3

Topics

• Animals
• Anthocyanins (pharmacology)
• Cells, Cultured
• Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
• Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (metabolism)
• Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta
• Humans
• MAP Kinase Signaling System
• Male
• Myocardial Reperfusion Injury (enzymology, physiopathology, prevention & control)
• Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III (metabolism)
• Phosphorylation
• Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt (metabolism)
• Rats
• Rats, Wistar
• Wine (analysis)