Microporation and 'iron'tophoresis for treating iron deficiency anemia.

Abstract

PURPOSE:

Iontophoretic mediated transdermal delivery of ferric pyrophosphate (FPP) in combination with microneedle pretreatment was investigated as a potential treatment for iron deficiency anemia (IDA).

METHODS:

In vitro transdermal delivery studies were performed using hairless rat skin and pharmacodynamic studies were performed in hairless anemic rat model. The hematological and biochemical parameters like hemoglobin, hematocrit and % serum transferrin were monitored in rats at healthy, anemic condition and post treatment. Micropores created by the microneedles were visualized in histological skin sections after staining with hemotoxylin and eosin. The recovery of micropores was investigated in vivo by measuring Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) at different time points.

RESULTS:

The passive, microneedle and iontophoresis mediated delivery did not lead to significant improvement in hematological and biochemical parameters in anemic rats, when used individually. When iontophoresis (0.15 mA/cm(2) for 4 hours) was combined with microneedle pretreatment (for 2 min), therapeutically adequate amount of FPP was delivered and there was significant recovery of rats from IDA.

CONCLUSIONS:

Microneedle and iontophoresis mediated delivery of iron via transdermal route could be developed as a potential treatment for IDA. The transdermal controlled delivery of iron could become a potential, safe and effective alternative to parenteral iron therapy.

• Authors: Naresh Modepalli, Seongbong Jo, Michael A Repka, S Narasimha Murthy
• Journal: Pharmaceutical research (Pharm Res) Vol. 30 Issue 3 Pg. 889-98 (Mar 2013) ISSN: 1573-904X [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 23187864 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural)

Chemical References

• Diphosphates
• Iron
• ferric pyrophosphate

Topics

• Administration, Cutaneous
• Anemia, Iron-Deficiency (blood, drug therapy, pathology)
• Animals
• Diphosphates (administration & dosage, therapeutic use)
• Drug Delivery Systems (instrumentation)
• Erythrocytes (drug effects, pathology)
• Iontophoresis (instrumentation)
• Iron (administration & dosage, therapeutic use)
• Male
• Needles
• Rats
• Rats, Hairless