Over the last years, numerous evidence on the existing relationship between nutrition and chronic degenerative diseases have led investigators to search for the optimal dietary pattern to maintain a good health status. It's well known, in fact, that nutrition is capable of substantially modifying the risk profile ofa subject in primary and/or
secondary prevention. Several models of diet have been imposed on public attention, but the one that got the most interest is certainly the
Mediterranean diet. Recently, several studies have shown that a strict adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern is associated with a lower incidence of mortality and incidence of chronic degenerative diseases such as
cardiovascular disease and
cancer. Meta-analyses conducted by our group have revealed, in a population of over than 2 million of people, that adherence to
Mediterranean diet determines a significant reduction on the risk of cardiovascular and
cerebrovascular accidents. To the best of the knowledge the most effective indications for an optimal therapeutic strategy in nutrition include: increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables up to the recommended 5 servings a day, prefer whole grains, replace saturated and trans
fats with
unsaturated fats, reduce the consumption of
sugar and sweetened beverages, and limit
salt intake. With these simple indications, together with recommendations of following the principles of the traditional
Mediterranean diet, a substantial reduction of the risk of incidence and/or mortality from
cardiovascular disease can be easily obtained.