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Cytotoxicity of herbal extracts used for treatment of prostatic disease on head and neck carcinoma cell lines and non-malignant primary mucosal cells.

Abstract
Previously, a growth inhibiting effect of PC-Spes on head and neck carcinoma cell lines had been demonstrated. In order to determine the toxic impact of particular herbs in the mixture, we exposed the head and neck cancer cell lines FADU, HLaC79 and its Paclitaxel-resistant subline HLaC79-Clone1 as well as primary mucosal keratinocytes to increasing concentrations of the herbal mixture Prostaprotect, which has a similar formulation as PC-Spes, as well as its single herbal components Dendranthema morifolium, Ganoderma lucidium, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Isatis indigotica, Panax pseudo-ginseng, Rabdosia rubescens, Scutellaria baicalensis and Pygeum africanum. Growth inhibition was measured using the MTT assay. Expression of P-glycoprotein (P-GP), multidrug resistance protein-1 (MRP-1), multidrug resistance protein-2 (MRP-2), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and androgen receptor (AR) were examined by western blot analysis. Pygeum africanum extract clearly turned out as the main cytotoxic component of the Prostaprotect prescription mixture, and initated apoptosis in sensitive cell lines. All other extracts had only minor toxic effects. Western blot analysis revealed increased expression of P-GP in HLaC79-Clone1 cells, while HLaC79 and FADU cells were negative. All three cell lines were negative for MRP-1 and BCRP but positive for MRP-2. HLaC79 and its descendant HLaC79-Clone1 both expressed AR, as verified by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Primary mucosal keratinocytes were negative for all multidrug resistance markers as well as for AR. Growth inhibition rates of the single herbal extracts were compared with previously published results in prostate carcinoma cell lines. The relationship between expression levels of AR and multidrug resistance markers in relation to the measured toxicity of herbal extracts in our head and neck cancer cell system is critically discussed.
AuthorsMarianne Schmidt, Christine Polednik, Jeanette Roller, Rudolf Hagen
JournalOncology reports (Oncol Rep) Vol. 29 Issue 2 Pg. 628-36 (Feb 2013) ISSN: 1791-2431 [Electronic] Greece
PMID23165347 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
Chemical References
  • ABCC2 protein, human
  • ABCG2 protein, human
  • ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B
  • ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1
  • ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
  • ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters
  • Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic
  • Drugs, Chinese Herbal
  • Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2
  • Neoplasm Proteins
  • P-glycoprotein 2
  • Plant Extracts
  • Receptors, Androgen
  • herbal preparation PC-SPES
Topics
  • ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B (metabolism)
  • ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 (metabolism)
  • ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
  • ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters (metabolism)
  • Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic (pharmacology)
  • Apoptosis (drug effects)
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell (metabolism)
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Proliferation (drug effects)
  • Cell Survival (drug effects)
  • Chrysanthemum
  • Drugs, Chinese Herbal (pharmacology)
  • Glycyrrhiza
  • Head and Neck Neoplasms (metabolism)
  • Humans
  • Isatis
  • Isodon
  • Keratinocytes (drug effects)
  • Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2
  • Neoplasm Proteins (metabolism)
  • Panax
  • Plant Extracts (pharmacology)
  • Prunus africana
  • Receptors, Androgen (metabolism)
  • Reishi
  • Respiratory Mucosa
  • Scutellaria baicalensis

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