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The guggulsterone derivative GG-52 inhibits NF-κB signaling in gastric epithelial cells and ameliorates ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions in mice.

Abstract
Gastric mucosal inflammation can develop after challenge with noxious stimuli such as alcohol. Specially, alcohol stimulates the release of inflammatory cytokines but does not increase gastric acid secretion, leading to gastric mucosal damage. The plant sterol guggulsterone and its novel derivative GG-52 have been reported to inhibit nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling in intestinal epithelial cells and experimental colitis. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of GG-52 on gastric epithelial cells and on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal inflammation in mice. GG-52 inhibited the expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in gastric epithelial AGS and MKN-45 cell lines stimulated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with GG-52 suppressed TNF-α-induced activation of IκB kinase (IKK) and NF-κB signaling in MKN-45 cells. In contrast, the inactive analog GG-46 did not produce significant changes in IL-8 expression or NF-κB activation. In a model of ethanol-induced murine gastritis, administration of GG-52 significantly reduced the severity of gastritis, as assessed by macroscopic and histological evaluation of gastric mucosal damage. In addition, the ethanol-induced upregulation of chemokine KC, a mouse homolog of IL-8, and phosphorylated p65 NF-κB signals were significantly inhibited in murine gastric mucosa pretreated with GG-52. These results indicate that GG-52 suppresses NF-κB activation in gastric epithelial cells and ameliorates ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions in mice, suggesting that GG-52 may be a potential gastroprotective agent.
AuthorsJung Mogg Kim, Su Hyun Kim, Su Hyuk Ko, Jireh Jung, Jaeyoung Chun, Nayoung Kim, Hyun Chae Jung, Joo Sung Kim
JournalAmerican journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology (Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol) Vol. 304 Issue 2 Pg. G193-202 (Jan 15 2013) ISSN: 1522-1547 [Electronic] United States
PMID23125156 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents
  • CXCL8 protein, human
  • GG-52 compound
  • Inflammation Mediators
  • Interleukin-8
  • NF-kappa B
  • Pregnenes
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
  • Ethanol
  • I-kappa B Kinase
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
Topics
  • Animals
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents (pharmacology)
  • Cell Line
  • Cytoprotection
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Epithelial Cells (drug effects, metabolism, pathology)
  • Ethanol
  • Gastric Mucosa (drug effects, metabolism, pathology)
  • Gastritis (chemically induced, genetics, metabolism, pathology, prevention & control)
  • Humans
  • I-kappa B Kinase (metabolism)
  • Inflammation Mediators (metabolism)
  • Interleukin-8 (metabolism)
  • Mice
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (metabolism)
  • NF-kappa B (genetics, metabolism)
  • Phosphorylation
  • Pregnenes (pharmacology)
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Signal Transduction (drug effects)
  • Time Factors
  • Transfection
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (metabolism)

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