Ethyl gallate induces apoptosis of HL-60 cells by promoting the expression of caspases-8, -9, -3, apoptosis-inducing factor and endonuclease G.

Abstract	Many phytochemicals have been recognized to have potential therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment. In this study, we investigated ethyl gallate (EG) for possible proapoptotic effects in the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60. We examined cell viability, morphological changes, DNA content and fragmentation, and expression of apoptosis-related proteins for up to 48 h after EG treatment. The results showed that EG induced morphological changes and DNA fragmentation and reduced HL-60 cell viability in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Western blotting analysis indicated that EG-mediated HL-60 apoptosis mainly occurred through the mitochondrial pathway, as shown by the release of cytochrome c, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and endonuclease G (Endo G), as well as the upregulation of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax). EG also activated the death receptor-dependent pathway of apoptosis by enhancing the expression of caspases-8, -9, and -3 and the Bcl-2 interacting domain (Bid). Collectively, our results showed that EG induces apoptosis in HL-60 via mitochondrial-mediated pathways.
Authors	Woong-Hyun Kim, Hyun-Ok Song, Hwa-Jung Choi, Ho-Il Bang, Du-Young Choi, Hyun Park
Journal	International journal of molecular sciences (Int J Mol Sci) Vol. 13 Issue 9 Pg. 11912-11922 ( 2012) ISSN: 1422-0067 [Electronic] Switzerland
PMID	23109891 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References	BAX protein, human BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein BID protein, human bcl-2-Associated X Protein ethyl gallate Gallic Acid Endodeoxyribonucleases endonuclease G CASP3 protein, human CASP8 protein, human CASP9 protein, human Caspase 3 Caspase 8 Caspase 9
Topics	Apoptosis (drug effects) BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein (biosynthesis) Caspase 3 (biosynthesis) Caspase 8 (biosynthesis) Caspase 9 (biosynthesis) Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Endodeoxyribonucleases (biosynthesis) Gallic Acid (analogs & derivatives, pharmacology) Gene Expression Regulation (drug effects) HL-60 Cells Humans bcl-2-Associated X Protein (biosynthesis)

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