Interferons (IFNs) have established activities as
antivirals and inhibitors of viral and transplantable
tumors. To establish whether IFNs or their inducers can affect induction of
carcinogenesis in vivo, the bladder-specific
carcinogen N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]
formamide (
FANFT) was administered in the diet at 0.11 or 0.13% (w/w) to female C3H/He mice beginning at 7 weeks of age. Mice treated with the IFN-inducing
bropirimine [2-amino-5-bromo-6-phenyl-4(3H)-
pyrimidinone] i.p. twice a week for 14 weeks starting on day 30 of start of
FANFT feeding developed fewer
transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) than mice treated with the vehicle.
Bropirimine (200 mg/kg twice a week) orally resulted in even greater effectiveness: 6 of 43 bladders with TCC for
bropirimine-treated mice versus 24 of 39 for control
glycine buffer-treated mice (P less than 0.01, x2 test). Mice treated i.p. daily on days 29 through 210 with 5,000 units of
beta interferon (specific activity, 2.0 x 10(8) units/mg) had 0 of 15 TCC while control mice had 7 of 13 TCC (P less than 0.001). Bladders of untreated mice were also significantly heavier than those of
beta interferon- or
bropirimine-treated mice. This dose of IFN treatment was confirmed as effective in a second experiment, in which mice were treated daily on days 30-223 with 5,000 units alpha/
beta interferon (specific activity, 1.2 x 10(7) units/mg). This resulted in 4 of 25 bladders with TCC versus 24 of 39 for control mice (P less than 0.001). A higher dose of IFN (50,000 units alpha/
beta interferon daily) was toxic; 24 of 30 mice died within 2 months. IFN and an IFN inducer,
bropirimine, inhibited development and progression of
FANFT-induced bladder TCC in vivo and thus may have roles as chemopreventive modalities.