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The Legionella pneumophila EnhC protein interferes with immunostimulatory muramyl peptide production to evade innate immunity.

Abstract
Successful pathogens have evolved to evade innate immune recognition of microbial molecules by pattern recognition receptors (PRR), which control microbial growth in host tissues. Upon Legionella pneumophila infection of macrophages, the cytosolic PRR Nod1 recognizes anhydro-disaccharide-tetrapeptide (anhDSTP) generated by soluble lytic transglycosylase (SltL), the predominant bacterial peptidoglycan degrading enzyme, to activate NF-κB-dependent innate immune responses. We show that L. pneumophila periplasmic protein EnhC, which is uniquely required for bacterial replication within macrophages, interferes with SltL to lower anhDSTP production. L. pneumophila mutant strains lacking EnhC (ΔenhC) increase Nod1-dependent NF-κB activation in host cells, while reducing SltL activity in a ΔenhC strain restores intracellular bacterial growth. Further, L. pneumophila ΔenhC is specifically rescued in Nod1- but not Nod2-deficient macrophages, arguing that EnhC facilitates evasion from Nod1 recognition. These results indicate that a bacterial pathogen regulates peptidoglycan degradation to control the production of PRR ligands and evade innate immune recognition.
AuthorsMingyu Liu, Eva Haenssler, Tsuyoshi Uehara, Vicki P Losick, James T Park, Ralph R Isberg
JournalCell host & microbe (Cell Host Microbe) Vol. 12 Issue 2 Pg. 166-76 (Aug 16 2012) ISSN: 1934-6069 [Electronic] United States
PMID22901537 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
CopyrightCopyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Chemical References
  • Bacterial Proteins
  • NF-kappa B
  • Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein
  • Peptides
  • Glycosyltransferases
  • murein transglycosylase
Topics
  • Bacterial Proteins (genetics, immunology, metabolism)
  • Glycosyltransferases (genetics, immunology)
  • Immune Evasion
  • Immunity, Innate
  • Legionella pneumophila (enzymology, genetics, immunology)
  • Legionnaires' Disease (genetics, immunology, microbiology)
  • Macrophages (immunology, microbiology)
  • NF-kappa B (genetics, immunology)
  • Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein (genetics, immunology)
  • Peptides (immunology)

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