Abstract | BACKGROUND: Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a tumor with a high metastatic potential. In PSCC the attributable fraction to human papillomavirus (HPV) is not well established. OBJECTIVE: We sought to provide novel data about the prevalence of HPV in a large series of penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN) and invasive PSCC, correlating the results with the histologic subtype, p16(INK4a) immunostaining, and prognosis. METHODS: A total of 82 PSCC were included in the study, 69 invasive and 13 PeIN. HPV detection was performed by polymerase chain reaction with SPF-10 broad-spectrum primers followed by DNA enzyme immunoassay and genotyping with a reverse hybridization line probe assay. P16(INK4a) immunohistochemical expression on tissue microarrays was also analyzed. RESULTS: HPV DNA was identified in 31 of 77 (40.2%) PSCC (22 of 67 invasive and 9 of 10 PeIN). In 25 of 31 (80.6%) cases HPV-16 was identified. HPV detection was significantly associated with some histologic subtypes: most basaloid and warty tumors were high-risk HPV (hrHPV) positive, whereas only 15% of usual PSCC were hr-HPV positive. All hrHPV-positive PSCC had an adjacent undifferentiated PeIN. Strong p16(INK4a) immunostaining correlated with hrHPV infection. Most undifferentiated PeIN showed p16(INK4a) immunohistochemical overexpression. Both hrHPV-positive and p16(INK4a)-positive tumors showed a better overall survival without reaching statistical significance. LIMITATIONS: This was a retrospective study. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that most hrHPV-positive PSCC develop from undifferentiated hrHPV-positive PeIN. P16(INK4a) immunostaining may be useful in identifying both etiologically related hrHPV-positive tumors and those with better outcome. The routine use of p16(INK4a) staining should be incorporated in histologic evaluation of PSCC.
|
Authors | Carla Ferrándiz-Pulido, Emili Masferrer, Ines de Torres, Belen Lloveras, Javier Hernandez-Losa, Sergio Mojal, Carlos Salvador, Juan Morote, Santiago Ramon y Cajal, Ramon M Pujol, Vicente Garcia-Patos, Agustin Toll |
Journal | Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
(J Am Acad Dermatol)
Vol. 68
Issue 1
Pg. 73-82
(Jan 2013)
ISSN: 1097-6787 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 22863066
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
|
Copyright | Copyright © 2012 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. |
Chemical References |
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16
|
Topics |
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Carcinoma in Situ
(metabolism, pathology, virology)
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
(metabolism, pathology, virology)
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16
(metabolism)
- Genotype
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Papillomaviridae
(genetics, isolation & purification)
- Papillomavirus Infections
(epidemiology)
- Penile Neoplasms
(metabolism, pathology, virology)
- Prevalence
- Prognosis
- Retrospective Studies
- Spain
(epidemiology)
|