Isothiocyanates are known for their anticarcinogenic and antitumor potential, however, the exact mechanism of their action has not been fully elucidated. The present study was designed to investigate and compare the effects of
phenethyl isothiocyanate on cell morphology, the cytoskeleton and induction of cell death in human
non-small cell lung cancer cell lines A549 and H1299 differing in p53 status. Cell viability tests (MTT assay, xCELLigence system) showed that
PEITC exhibits lower cytotoxicity to A549 cells containing wild-type p53. The observed growth-inhibitory effect of
PEITC was dose-dependent, but time-dependence was observed only at higher concentrations. The results of flow-cytometric and fluorescence-microscopic analyses indicate that
PEITC induced disassembly of actin stress fibers and degradation of
tubulin which, most likely, contributed to the induction of cell death. Although, 24-h incubation caused G2/M cell cycle arrest, the fraction of G2/M cells decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner in favor of cells with sub-G1
DNA content. Further experiments (
Annexin V staining, electron microscopic observations) confirmed that the apoptosis-inducing potency of
PEITC is probably the main factor responsible for cell growth inhibition. However,
PEITC treatment also resulted in the appearance of an increased proportion of H1299 cells exhibiting morphological features of mitotic catastrophe.