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Development of a two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography system coupled with on-line reduction as a new efficient analytical method of 3-nitrobenzanthrone, a potential human carcinogen.

Abstract
3-Nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA) is an extremely strong mutagen and carcinogen in rats inducing squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. We developed a new sensitive analytical method, a two-dimensional HPLC system coupled with on-line reduction, to quantify non-fluorescent 3-NBA as fluorescent 3-aminobenzanthrone (3-ABA). The two-dimensional HPLC system consisted of reversed-phase HPLC and normal-phase HPLC, which were connected with a switch valve. 3-NBA was purified by reversed-phase HPLC and reduced to 3-ABA with a catalyst column, packed with alumina coated with platinum, in ethanol. An alcoholic solvent is necessary for reduction of 3-NBA, but 3-ABA is not fluorescent in the alcoholic solvent. Therefore, 3-ABA was separated from alcohol and impurities by normal-phase HPLC and detected with a fluorescence detector. Extracts from surface soil, airborne particles, classified airborne particles, and incinerator dust were applied to the two-dimensional HPLC system after clean-up with a silica gel column. 3-NBA, detected as 3-ABA, in the extracts was found as a single peak on the chromatograms without any interfering peaks. 3-NBA was detected in 4 incinerator dust samples (n=5). When classified airborne particles, that is, those <1.1, 1.1-2.0, 2.0-3.3, 3.3-7.0, and >7.0 μm in size, were applied to the two-dimensional HPLC system after purified using a silica gel column, 3-NBA was detected in those particles with particle sizes <1.1 and 1.1-2.0 μm and the particle-size distribution ratios were 84% and 16%, respectively. This is the first report on the particle-size distribution of 3-NBA in airborne particles and the detection of 3-NBA in incinerator dust.
AuthorsTomohiro Hasei, Haruka Nakanishi, Yumiko Toda, Tetsushi Watanabe
JournalJournal of chromatography. A (J Chromatogr A) Vol. 1253 Pg. 52-7 (Aug 31 2012) ISSN: 1873-3778 [Electronic] Netherlands
PMID22840818 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
CopyrightCopyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Chemical References
  • Benz(a)Anthracenes
  • Carcinogens
  • Dust
  • Soil
  • Ethanol
  • 3-nitrobenzanthrone
Topics
  • Air (analysis)
  • Benz(a)Anthracenes (analysis)
  • Carcinogens (analysis)
  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid (instrumentation, methods)
  • Chromatography, Reverse-Phase (instrumentation, methods)
  • Dust (analysis)
  • Ethanol
  • Particle Size
  • Soil (chemistry)
  • Temperature

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