Abstract | AIMS:
Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are effective in the short term against anxiety and insomnia. However, some BZD users develop BZD dependence after a relatively short period of time. Therefore, we aimed to identify the risk factors of BZD dependence. DESIGN: An observational cohort study. SETTING: The Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred and one BZD users of the 2981 participants of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) were included. MEASUREMENTS: Socio-demographic, physical, psychological, addiction-related and BZD use-related characteristics were investigated as possible correlates of BZD dependence severity. Dependence severity was measured by the three subscales of the Benzodiazepine Self-Report Questionnaire, comprising problematic use, preoccupation and lack of compliance. FINDINGS: In multivariate analyses, problematic use was associated with more GP contacts in the past 6 months (β = 0.170, P = 0.001) and severity of insomnia (β = 0.145, P = 0.004). Preoccupation was related to anxiety severity (β = 0.194, P = 0.001), antidepressant use (β = 0.197, P < 0.001), alcohol dependence (β = 0.185, P < 0.001) and a higher daily dosage of BZD (β = 0.160, P = 0.001). Lack of compliance was associated with higher age (β = 0.122, P = 0.03), unemployment (β = 0.105, P = 0.04), insomnia (β = 0.129, P = 0.01), antidepressant use (β = 0.148, P = 0.002) and alcohol dependence (β = 0.108, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS:
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Authors | Leonie Manthey, Marijke Lohbeck, Erik J Giltay, Tineke van Veena, Frans G Zitman, Brenda W J H Penninx |
Journal | Addiction (Abingdon, England)
(Addiction)
Vol. 107
Issue 12
Pg. 2173-82
(Dec 2012)
ISSN: 1360-0443 [Electronic] England |
PMID | 22703562
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Copyright | © 2012 The Authors, Addiction © 2012 Society for the Study of Addiction. |
Chemical References |
- Antidepressive Agents
- Benzodiazepines
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Topics |
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Alcoholism
(complications)
- Antidepressive Agents
(adverse effects)
- Anxiety Disorders
(drug therapy)
- Benzodiazepines
(adverse effects)
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Depressive Disorder, Major
(drug therapy)
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Medication Adherence
(psychology, statistics & numerical data)
- Middle Aged
- Risk Factors
- Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
(complications)
- Substance-Related Disorders
(etiology)
- Young Adult
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