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The impact of co-morbid factors on the psychological outcome of tinnitus patients.

Abstract
The study was carried out to determine the impact of some co-morbid otological symptoms and demographic factors on the emotional distress and cognitive functioning in patients with tinnitus. One hundred consecutive patients, complaining of constant idiopathic tinnitus, were enrolled into the study. Four tests were administered: Beck Depression Inventory, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS, A--anxiety, D--depression), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Trail Making Test (TMT). A multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis was performed to estimate the relationship between the results of each of the tests and following co-morbid factors: age, sex, tinnitus duration, tinnitus laterality, hearing status (normal hearing, unilateral hearing loss and bilateral hearing loss) and vertigo/dizziness. It was found that the scores of MMSE and TMT were negatively correlated with age and with hearing status and the scores of HADS-A were slightly correlated with sex. In regression analysis, in HADS-A, sex and to a lesser extent tinnitus duration, in MMSE and TMT age and to a lesser extent tinnitus laterality were the variables that were comprised in the final model. Demographic factors had contributed more than overlapping otological symptoms to the psychological outcome in tinnitus patients.
AuthorsAnna Maria Pajor, Elżbieta Agata Ormezowska, Magdalena Jozefowicz-Korczynska
JournalEuropean archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol) Vol. 270 Issue 3 Pg. 881-8 (Mar 2013) ISSN: 1434-4726 [Electronic] Germany
PMID22699628 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Topics
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Anxiety (psychology)
  • Cohort Studies
  • Comorbidity
  • Depression (psychology)
  • Dizziness (epidemiology, psychology)
  • Female
  • Hearing Loss (epidemiology, psychology)
  • Humans
  • Linear Models
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neuropsychological Tests
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Tinnitus (epidemiology, psychology)
  • Trail Making Test
  • Vertigo (epidemiology, psychology)
  • Young Adult

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