Enhancement in therapeutic efficacy of miltefosine in combination with synthetic bacterial lipopeptide, Pam3Cys against experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis.

Abstract

Existing drugs for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are partially effective, toxic, having high cost and long term treatment. Their efficacies are also compromised due to suppression of immune function associated during the course of infection. Combination therapy including a potential and safe immunostimulant with lower doses of effective drug has proven as a significant approach which is more effective than immunotherapy or drug therapy alone. In the present study, we have used the combination of Pam3Cys (an in-built immunoadjuvant and TLR2 ligand) and miltefosine. Initially dose optimization of both the agents was carried out and after that, antileishmanial effect of their combination was evaluated. All experiments were done in BALB/c mouse model. The immunomodulatory role of Pam3Cys on the immune functions of the host receiving combination treatment was also determined using immunological and biochemical parameters viz. phagocytosis, Th1/Th2 cytokines and production of ROS, RNS and H(2)O(2). Combination group showed significant enhancement in parasitic inhibition as compared to groups receiving miltefosine and Pam3Cys separately. Enhanced production of Th1 cytokines as well as ROS, RNS and H(2)O(2) was witnessed during the study of immunological alterations. Remarkable increase in phagocytosis index was also observed. Thus, the risk of development of drug resistance against miltefosine can be resolved through using low doses of it and Pam3Cys (single-dose) in combination and also provide a promising alternative for cure of leishmaniasis, with a pronounced transformation of the host immune response.

• Authors: Nishi Shakya, Shraddha A Sane, Preeti Vishwakarma, Suman Gupta
• Journal: Experimental parasitology (Exp Parasitol) Vol. 131 Issue 3 Pg. 377-82 (Jul 2012) ISSN: 1090-2449 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 22626518 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Antiprotozoal Agents
• Cytokines
• Immunologic Factors
• Lipoproteins
• Reactive Nitrogen Species
• Reactive Oxygen Species
• Phosphorylcholine
• N-palmitoyl-S-(2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)propyl)cysteinyl-seryl-lysyl-lysyl-lysyl-lysine
• miltefosine

Topics

• Animals
• Antiprotozoal Agents (pharmacology, therapeutic use)
• Cricetinae
• Cytokines (blood)
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
• Drug Therapy, Combination
• Female
• Humans
• Immunity, Cellular
• Immunologic Factors (pharmacology, therapeutic use)
• Leishmania donovani (drug effects)
• Leishmaniasis, Visceral (drug therapy)
• Lipoproteins (pharmacology, therapeutic use)
• Male
• Mesocricetus
• Mice
• Mice, Inbred BALB C
• Phagocytosis
• Phosphorylcholine (analogs & derivatives, pharmacology, therapeutic use)
• Reactive Nitrogen Species (metabolism)
• Reactive Oxygen Species (metabolism)