Tolerance to the local antiallodynic effects of
morphine,
DPDPE ([D-Pen(2),D-Pen(5)]-
Enkephalin) or
JWH-015 ((2-methyl-1-propyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-1-naphthalenylmethanone) after their repeated administration during
neuropathic pain was evaluated. The role of the
nitric oxide-cGMP-
protein kinase G (PKG)-
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway on the peripheral
morphine-induced tolerance after the chronic constriction of sciatic nerve in mice was also assessed. The mechanical and thermal antiallodynic effects produced by a high dose of
morphine,
DPDPE or
JWH-015 subplantarly administered daily from days 10 to 20 after nerve injury were estimated with the von Frey filaments and cold plate tests. The antiallodynic effects of the repeated administration of
morphine combined with a sub-
analgesic dose of a selective
inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) (L-N(6)-(1-iminoethyl)-
lysine; L-NIL), L-
guanylate cyclase (1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one; ODQ), PKG ((Rp)-8-(para-chlorophenylthio)
guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate; Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPs) or JNK (anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one;
SP600125) inhibitor from days 10 to 20 after injury were also evaluated. The repeated administration of
morphine, but not
DPDPE or
JWH-015, produced a rapid development of tolerance to its mechanical and thermal antiallodynic effects in sciatic nerve-injured mice. The co-administration of
morphine with L-NIL, ODQ,
Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPs or
SP600125 avoided the development of
morphine antiallodynic tolerance after nerve injury. These findings reveal that the repeated local administration of
DPDPE or
JWH-015 did not induce antinociceptive tolerance after sciatic nerve injury-induced
neuropathic pain. Our data also indicate that the peripheral
nitric oxide-cGMP-PKG-JNK signaling pathway participates in the development of
morphine tolerance after nerve injury and propose the inactivation of this pathway as a promising strategy to avoid
morphine tolerance during
neuropathic pain.