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Vitamin D: metabolism.

Abstract
The biologically active metabolite of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), affects mineral homeostasis and has numerous other diverse physiologic functions including effects on growth of cancer cells and protection against certain immune disorders. This article reviews the role of vitamin D hydroxylases in providing a tightly regulated supply of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). The role of extrarenal 1α(OH)ase in placenta and macrophages is also discussed, as well as regulation of vitamin D hydroxylases in aging and chronic kidney disease. Understanding specific factors involved in regulating the hydroxylases may lead to the design of drugs that can selectively modulate the hydroxylases. The ability to alter levels of these enzymes would have therapeutic potential for the treatment of various diseases, including bone loss disorders and certain immune diseases.
AuthorsSylvia Christakos, Dare V Ajibade, Puneet Dhawan, Adam J Fechner, Leila J Mady
JournalRheumatic diseases clinics of North America (Rheum Dis Clin North Am) Vol. 38 Issue 1 Pg. 1-11, vii (Feb 2012) ISSN: 1558-3163 [Electronic] United States
PMID22525839 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
CopyrightCopyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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