Abstract | ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Acacia nilotica is widely distributed in Asia. In India, it occupies an important place in the indigenous system of medicine against anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cancers, and/or tumors. AIM OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of Acacia nilotica leaves extract and γ- Sitosterol on cell proliferation, the apoptotic effect and cell cycle arrest in breast and lung cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: GC-MS and HPLC were used to determine the chemical constituents of this extract and γ- Sitosterol respectively. Human MCF-7 and A549 cell lines were treated with Acacia nilotica extract and γ- Sitosterol. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Cell proliferation was determined by BrdU incorporation assay. Apoptosis was detected by cell morphologic observation through AO/EtBr staining, cell cycle analysis, and immunoblot analysis on the expression of protein associated with cell cycle arrest. RESULTS: Experimental results of bioactive compound analysis indicate that γ- Sitosterol, bioactive ingredients of Acacia nilotica extract. The IC(50) value of extract on MCF-7 and A549 cancer cells was 493.3±15.2 and 696.6±11.5 μg/ml, respectively. Acacia nilotica extract and γ- Sitosterol were inhibited the cell proliferation by 54.34±1.8 and 42.18±3.9% for MCF-7 and 58.26±1.5 and 44.36±3.05% for A549 cells. The percentage of apoptotic cells observed in the MCF-7 and A549 cell lines were increased to 42.46 and 36.8% of extract; 46.68 and 43.24% for γ- Sitosterol respectively. Flow cytometric analysis results demonstrate that cells were arrested at the G2/M phase and decrease the c-Myc expression. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates in vitro results, which support the ethnomedical use of γ- Sitosterol against cancer. Experimental results of this study suggest that γ- Sitosterol exerts potential anticancer activity through the growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and the apoptosis on cancer cells.
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Authors | Shenbagamoorthy Sundarraj, Ramar Thangam, Vellingiri Sreevani, Krishnasamy Kaveri, Palani Gunasekaran, Shanmugam Achiraman, Soundarapandian Kannan |
Journal | Journal of ethnopharmacology
(J Ethnopharmacol)
Vol. 141
Issue 3
Pg. 803-9
(Jun 14 2012)
ISSN: 1872-7573 [Electronic] Ireland |
PMID | 22440953
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Copyright | Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. |
Chemical References |
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic
- Cyclin B
- Cyclin E
- Plant Extracts
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc
- Sitosterols
- gamma-sitosterol
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Topics |
- Acacia
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic
(pharmacology)
- Apoptosis
(drug effects)
- Cell Cycle
(drug effects)
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints
(drug effects)
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
(drug effects)
- Cyclin B
(metabolism)
- Cyclin E
(metabolism)
- Humans
- Plant Extracts
(chemistry, pharmacology)
- Plant Leaves
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc
(metabolism)
- Sitosterols
(isolation & purification, pharmacology)
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