Abstract | PURPOSE: Increased fluid intake, and decreased dietary sodium and animal protein intake are thought to reduce the risk of kidney stones but the role of calcium intake is controversial. We evaluated the relationship between dietary factors and incident kidney stone formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Secondary analysis was done of 78,293 women from the prospective WHI OS (Women's Health Initiative Observational Study) with no history of nephrolithiasis who completed the validated food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine demographic and dietary factors, and supplement use independently associated with incident kidney stones. RESULTS: Overall 1,952 women (2.5%) reported an incident kidney stone in 573,575 person-years of followup. The risk of incident kidney stones was decreased by 5% to 28% (p = 0.01) with higher dietary calcium intake and by 13% to 31% (p = 0.002) with higher water intake after adjusting for nephrolithiasis risk factors. Conversely higher dietary sodium intake increased the risk of nephrolithiasis by 11% to 61% (p <0.001) after adjustment with the most pronounced effect in women with the highest intake. Higher body mass index independently increased the risk of incident nephrolithiasis (adjusted OR 1.19-2.01, p <0.001). Animal protein intake was not associated with nephrolithiasis on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS:
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Authors | Mathew D Sorensen, Arnold J Kahn, Alex P Reiner, Timothy Y Tseng, James M Shikany, Robert B Wallace, Thomas Chi, Jean Wactawski-Wende, Rebecca D Jackson, Mary Jo O'Sullivan, Natalia Sadetsky, Marshall L Stoller, WHI Working Group |
Journal | The Journal of urology
(J Urol)
Vol. 187
Issue 5
Pg. 1645-9
(May 2012)
ISSN: 1527-3792 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 22425103
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.)
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Copyright | Copyright © 2012 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
Chemical References |
- Calcium, Dietary
- Drinking Water
- Sodium, Dietary
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Topics |
- Aged
- Body Mass Index
- Calcium, Dietary
(administration & dosage)
- Drinking Water
(administration & dosage)
- Female
- Humans
- Kidney Calculi
(epidemiology, prevention & control)
- Logistic Models
- Middle Aged
- Risk Factors
- Sodium, Dietary
(administration & dosage)
- Surveys and Questionnaires
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