Abstract | BACKGROUND:
Male hormonal contraception has been an elusive goal. Administration of sex steroids to men can shut off sperm production through effects on the pituitary and hypothalamus. However, this approach also decreases production of testosterone, so 'add-back' therapy is needed. OBJECTIVES: SEARCH METHODS: In January and February 2012, we searched the computerized databases CENTRAL, MEDLINE, POPLINE, and LILACS. We also searched for recent trials in ClinicalTrials.gov and ICTRP. Previous searches included EMBASE. We wrote to authors of identified trials to seek additional unpublished or published trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: The primary outcome measure was the absence of spermatozoa on semen examination, often called azoospermia. Data were insufficient to examine pregnancy rates and side effects. MAIN RESULTS: AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: No male hormonal contraceptive is ready for clinical use. Most trials were small exploratory studies. Their power to detect important differences was limited and their results imprecise. In addition, assessment of azoospermia can vary by sensitivity of the method used. Future trials need more attention to the methodological requirements for RCTs. More trials with adequate power would also be helpful.
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Authors | David A Grimes, Laureen M Lopez, Maria F Gallo, Vera Halpern, Kavita Nanda, Kenneth F Schulz |
Journal | The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
(Cochrane Database Syst Rev)
Issue 3
Pg. CD004316
(Mar 14 2012)
ISSN: 1469-493X [Electronic] England |
PMID | 22419294
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Meta-Analysis, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Review, Systematic Review)
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Chemical References |
- Contraceptive Agents, Male
- Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal
- Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic
- Drug Implants
- Testosterone
- Levonorgestrel
- Desogestrel
- testosterone undecanoate
- norethindrone enanthate
- Norethindrone
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Topics |
- Azoospermia
(chemically induced)
- Contraception
(methods)
- Contraceptive Agents, Male
(administration & dosage)
- Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal
(administration & dosage)
- Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic
(administration & dosage)
- Desogestrel
(administration & dosage)
- Drug Implants
- Humans
- Levonorgestrel
(administration & dosage)
- Male
- Norethindrone
(administration & dosage, analogs & derivatives)
- Oligospermia
(chemically induced)
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
- Testosterone
(administration & dosage, analogs & derivatives)
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