According to Shneidman's theory, mental
pain or "psychache", which refers to an endopsychic painful experience consisted of excessively felt negative feelings, is a key component to the understanding of suicidal behaviour, as to its psychological features. Shneidman himself supported that 'suicide is caused by psychache', more precisely suicide occurs when a person can no longer tolerate this
pain. Findings of previous studies have shown that mental
pain is an independent predictive factor for suicidal behaviour. In the present study we evaluated the psychometric properties of the Greek version of the Mental
Pain Scale (MPS) and the Tolerance for Mental
Pain Scale (
TMPS) ina non clinical sample consisted of 112 participants (73 female and 39 male). Moreover, we explore the relationships between mental
pain, depression, and suicide risk and for the first time the effect of the tolerance for mental
pain on depression and suicide risk. We hypothesized that both the level of mental
pain and the degree of tolerance for mental
pain would predict suicide risk, independently of the level of depression. Both MPS and
TMPS appear to have satisfactory to high levels of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity. Suicide risk was correlated to mental
pain, tolerance for mental
pain, and depression. Multiple regression analysis showed that mental
pain and tolerance for mental
pain have a significant contribution to suicide risk, independently of depression, confirming our hypothesis.Using an additional multivariate regression with the factors extracted from MPS and
TMPS as independent variables, we found that especially 'loss of control' of mental
pain and the ability to 'contain the
pain' contribute uniquely to suicide risk. Our findings offer support to the hypothesis that mental
pain is a clinical entity distinct from depression with a specific and important contribution to the suicide risk.Depression alone is not enough to cause suicide. The mental
pain construct, although related to depression,could shed light on the comprehension of the human experience that leads to suicide. Relieving mental
pain may constitute a distinct and important treatment goal, along with the remission of depression and despair, so that the person can maintain control and contain all the distressing events that comprise the painful experience. Both MPS and
TMPS appear to be valid and reliable tools for the assessment of mental
pain and its tolerance, respectively. They could also be employed in further investigation on the role of specific aspects of the mental
pain experience in suicidal behaviours.