Process optimization for the preparation of oligomycin-loaded folate-conjugated chitosan nanoparticles as a tumor-targeted drug delivery system using a two-level factorial design method.

Abstract	Oligomycin-A (Oli-A), an anticancer drug, was loaded to the folate (FA)-conjugated chitosan as a tumor-targeted drug delivery system for the purpose of overcoming the nonspecific targeting characteristics and the hydrophobicity of the compound. The two-level factorial design (2-LFD) was applied to modeling the preparation process, which was composed of five independent variables, namely FA-conjugated chitosan (FA-CS) concentration, Oli-A concentration, sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) concentration, the mass ratio of FA-CS to TPP, and crosslinking time. The mean particle size (MPS) and the drug loading rate (DLR) of the resulting Oli-loaded FA-CS nanoparticles (FA-Oli-CSNPs) were used as response variables. The interactive effects of the five independent variables on the response variables were studied. The characteristics of the nanoparticles, such as amount of FA conjugation, drug entrapment rate (DER), DLR, surface morphology, and release kinetics properties in vitro were investigated. The FA-Oli-CSNPs with MPS of 182.6 nm, DER of 17.3%, DLR of 58.5%, and zeta potential (ZP) of 24.6 mV were obtained under optimum conditions. The amount of FA conjugation was 45.9 mg/g chitosan. The FA-Oli-CSNPs showed sustained-release characteristics for 576 hours in vitro. The results indicated that FA-Oli-CSNPs obtained as a targeted drug delivery system could be effective in the therapy of leukemia in the future.
Authors	Yuangang Zu, Qi Zhao, Xiuhua Zhao, Shuchong Zu, Li Meng
Journal	International journal of nanomedicine (Int J Nanomedicine) Vol. 6 Pg. 3429-41 ( 2011) ISSN: 1178-2013 [Electronic] New Zealand
PMID	22267927 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
Chemical References	Antineoplastic Agents Drug Carriers Oligomycins oligomycin A Chitosan Folic Acid
Topics	Analysis of Variance Antineoplastic Agents (chemistry) Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Chitosan (chemistry) Drug Carriers (chemistry) Drug Delivery Systems (methods) Folic Acid (chemistry) Freeze Drying Nanomedicine Nanoparticles (chemistry) Oligomycins (chemistry) Particle Size Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared

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