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Mephedrone, an abused psychoactive component of 'bath salts' and methamphetamine congener, does not cause neurotoxicity to dopamine nerve endings of the striatum.

Abstract
Mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone) is a β-ketoamphetamine with close structural analogy to substituted amphetamines and cathinone derivatives. Abuse of mephedrone has increased dramatically in recent years and has become a significant public health problem in the United States and Europe. Unfortunately, very little information is available on the pharmacological and neurochemical actions of mephedrone. In light of the proven abuse potential of mephedrone and considering its similarity to methamphetamine and methcathinone, it is particularly important to know if mephedrone shares with these agents an ability to cause damage to dopamine nerve endings of the striatum. Accordingly, we treated mice with a binge-like regimen of mephedrone (4 × 20 or 40 mg/kg) and examined the striatum for evidence of neurotoxicity 2 or 7 days after treatment. While mephedrone caused hyperthermia and locomotor stimulation, it did not lower striatal levels of dopamine, tyrosine hydroxylase or the dopamine transporter under any of the treatment conditions used presently. Furthermore, mephedrone did not cause microglial activation in striatum nor did it increase glial fibrillary acidic protein levels. Taken together, these surprising results suggest that mephedrone, despite its numerous mechanistic overlaps with methamphetamine and the cathinone derivatives, does not cause neurotoxicity to dopamine nerve endings of the striatum.
AuthorsMariana Angoa-Pérez, Michael J Kane, Dina M Francescutti, Katherine E Sykes, Mrudang M Shah, Abiy M Mohammed, David M Thomas, Donald M Kuhn
JournalJournal of neurochemistry (J Neurochem) Vol. 120 Issue 6 Pg. 1097-107 (Mar 2012) ISSN: 1471-4159 [Electronic] England
PMID22191803 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.)
Copyright© 2011 The Authors. Journal of Neurochemistry © 2011 International Society for Neurochemistry.
Chemical References
  • Central Nervous System Stimulants
  • Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
  • Methamphetamine
  • mephedrone
  • Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase
  • Dopamine
Topics
  • Animals
  • Behavior, Animal (drug effects)
  • Body Temperature (drug effects)
  • Central Nervous System Stimulants (pharmacology)
  • Corpus Striatum (cytology, drug effects)
  • Dopamine (metabolism)
  • Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins (metabolism)
  • Dopaminergic Neurons (cytology)
  • Female
  • Methamphetamine (analogs & derivatives, pharmacology)
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Nerve Endings (drug effects)
  • Neuroglia (drug effects)
  • Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase (metabolism)

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