Intake estimation of total and individual flavan-3-ols, proanthocyanidins and theaflavins, their food sources and determinants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study.
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| Abstract |
Epidemiological studies suggest health-protective effects of flavan-3-ols and their derived compounds on chronic diseases. The present study aimed to estimate dietary flavan-3-ol, proanthocyanidin (PA) and theaflavin intakes, their food sources and potential determinants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration cohort. Dietary data were collected using a standardised 24 h dietary recall software administered to 36 037 subjects aged 35-74 years. Dietary data were linked with a flavanoid food composition database compiled from the latest US Department of Agriculture and Phenol-Explorer databases and expanded to include recipes, estimations and retention factors. Total flavan-3-ol intake was the highest in UK Health-conscious men (453·6 mg/d) and women of UK General population (377·6 mg/d), while the intake was the lowest in Greece (men: 160·5 mg/d; women: 124·8 mg/d). Monomer intake was the highest in UK General population (men: 213·5 mg/d; women: 178·6 mg/d) and the lowest in Greece (men: 26·6 mg/d in men; women: 20·7 mg/d). Theaflavin intake was the highest in UK General population (men: 29·3 mg/d; women: 25·3 mg/d) and close to zero in Greece and Spain. PA intake was the highest in Asturias (men: 455·2 mg/d) and San Sebastian (women: 253 mg/d), while being the lowest in Greece (men: 134·6 mg/d; women: 101·0 mg/d). Except for the UK, non-citrus fruits (apples/pears) were the highest contributors to the total flavan-3-ol intake. Tea was the main contributor of total flavan-3-ols in the UK. Flavan-3-ol, PA and theaflavin intakes were significantly different among all assessed groups. This study showed heterogeneity in flavan-3-ol, PA and theaflavin intake throughout the EPIC countries.
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| Authors | Viktoria Knaze, Raul Zamora-Ros, Leila Luján-Barroso, Isabelle Romieu, Augustin Scalbert, Nadia Slimani, Elio Riboli, Caroline T M van Rossum, H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Antonia Trichopoulou, Vardis Dilis, Konstantinos Tsiotas, Guri Skeie, Dagrun Engeset, J Ramón Quirós, Esther Molina, José María Huerta, Francesca Crowe, Elisabet Wirfäl, Ulrika Ericson, Petra H M Peeters, Rudolf Kaaks, Birgit Teucher, Gerd Johansson, Ingegerd Johansson, Rosario Tumino, Heiner Boeing, Dagmar Drogan, Pilar Amiano, Amalia Mattiello, Kay-Tee Khaw, Robert Luben, Vittorio Krogh, Eva Ardanáz, Carlotta Sacerdote, Simonetta Salvini, Kim Overvad, Anne Tjønneland, Anja Olsen, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Guy Fagherazzi, Florence Perquier, Carlos A González |
| Journal | The British journal of nutrition (Br J Nutr) Vol. 108 Issue 6 Pg. 1095-108 (Sep 28 2012) ISSN: 1475-2662 [Electronic] England |
| PMID | 22186699 (Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't) |
| Chemical References |
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