Targeting DNA repair with
poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (
PARP) inhibitors has shown a broad range of anti-
tumor activity in patients with advanced
malignancies with and without BRCA deficiency. It remains unclear what role p53 plays in response to PARP inhibition in BRCA-proficient
cancer cells treated with
DNA damaging agents. Using gene expression microarray analysis, we find that DNA damage response (DDR) pathways elicited by
veliparib (ABT-888), a
PARP inhibitor, plus
topotecan comprise the G1/S checkpoint, ATM, and p53 signaling pathways in p53-wildtype
cancer cell lines and BRCA1, BRCA2 and ATR pathway in p53-mutant lines. In contrast,
topotecan alone induces the G1/S checkpoint pathway in p53-wildtype lines and not in p53-mutant cells. These responses are coupled with G2/G1 checkpoint effectors p21(CDKN1A) upregulation, and Chk1 and Chk2 activation. The
drug combination enhances G2 cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and a marked increase in cell death relative to
topotecan alone in p53-wildtype and p53-mutant or -null cells. We also show that the checkpoint
kinase inhibitor
UCN-01 abolishes the G2 arrest induced by the
veliparib and
topotecan combination and further increases cell death in both p53-wildtype and -mutant cells. Collectively, PARP inhibition by
veliparib enhances DDR and cell death in BRCA-proficient
cancer cells in a p53-dependent and -independent fashion. Abrogating the cell-cycle arrest induced by PARP inhibition plus chemotherapeutics may be a strategy in the treatment of BRCA-proficient
cancer.