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Intestinal defensin secretion in infancy is associated with the emergence of sensitization and atopic dermatitis.

AbstractBACKGROUND:
Intestinal flora and innate immunity, and their interactions impact adaptive immunity.
OBJECTIVE:
To study the association of fecal defensin levels in infancy with synbiotic treatment and with the emergence of atopy.
METHODS:
The randomly selected group of 102 infants belonged to a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial where 1223 infants in high risk for allergy received, from birth to 6 months, a mixture of synbiotics, or placebo. Clinical trials registration number for the clinical trial is NCT00298337. In the subgroup, 45 received active treatment and 56 received placebo treatment. Follow-up for the emergence of sensitization and allergic diseases lasted 5 years. At the age of 3 (n = 96) and 6 (n = 87) months, we measured fecal levels of human neutrophil peptide (HNP) 1-3 and of β-defensin 2 (HBD2) using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays and concentrations of lactic acid bacteria on MRS agar. We used multifactorial regression in data analysis.
RESULTS:
Fecal levels of HNP1-3 and HBD2 decreased from the age of 3-6 months (P < 0.0001). HBD2 levels decreased less in the synbiotics group compared with placebo (P < 0.02). High fecal HBD2 levels at 6 months were associated with an increased risk for sensitization by the age of 5 years (OR 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.1-5.8, P < 0.03). High fecal HNP1-3 levels at 6 months were associated with a decreased risk for atopic dermatitis (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.1-1.0, P < 0.05). Samples with very low or high HBD2 levels at 6 months had low concentrations of lactic acid bacteria (P < 0.02).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE:
Early innate immunity responses in the gut are associated with the emergence of sensitization and atopic dermatitis later in childhood.
AuthorsE M Savilahti, A K Kukkonen, T Haahtela, T Tuure, M Kuitunen, E Savilahti
JournalClinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology (Clin Exp Allergy) Vol. 42 Issue 3 Pg. 405-11 (Mar 2012) ISSN: 1365-2222 [Electronic] England
PMID22093109 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Copyright© 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Chemical References
  • DEFB4A protein, human
  • Defensins
  • beta-Defensins
Topics
  • Child, Preschool
  • Defensins (analysis, immunology, metabolism)
  • Dermatitis, Atopic (immunology, prevention & control)
  • Double-Blind Method
  • Feces (chemistry)
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hypersensitivity, Immediate (immunology, prevention & control)
  • Infant
  • Intestinal Mucosa (immunology, metabolism)
  • Pregnancy
  • Synbiotics
  • beta-Defensins (immunology, metabolism)

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