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In vivo prevention of arterial restenosis with paclitaxel-encapsulated targeted lipid-polymeric nanoparticles.

Abstract
Following recent successes with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for treating coronary artery disease (CAD), many challenges remain. In particular, mechanical injury from the procedure results in extensive endothelial denudation, exposing the underlying collagen IV-rich basal lamina, which promotes both intravascular thrombosis and smooth muscle proliferation. Previously, we reported the engineering of collagen IV-targeting nanoparticles (NPs) and demonstrated their preferential localization to sites of arterial injury. Here, we develop a systemically administered, targeted NP system to deliver an antiproliferative agent to injured vasculature. Approximately 60-nm lipid-polymeric NPs were surface functionalized with collagen IV-targeting peptides and loaded with paclitaxel. In safety studies, the targeted NPs showed no signs of toxicity and a ≥3.5-fold improved maximum tolerated dose versus paclitaxel. In efficacy studies using a rat carotid injury model, paclitaxel (0.3 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg) was i.v. administered postprocedure on days 0 and 5. The targeted NP group resulted in lower neointima-to-media (N/M) scores at 2 wk versus control groups of saline, paclitaxel, or nontargeted NPs. Compared with sham-injury groups, an ∼50% reduction in arterial stenosis was observed with targeted NP treatment. The combination of improved tolerability, sustained release, and vascular targeting could potentially provide a safe and efficacious option in the management of CAD.
AuthorsJuliana M Chan, June-Wha Rhee, Chester L Drum, Roderick T Bronson, Gershon Golomb, Robert Langer, Omid C Farokhzad
JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A) Vol. 108 Issue 48 Pg. 19347-52 (Nov 29 2011) ISSN: 1091-6490 [Electronic] United States
PMID22087004 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References
  • Collagen Type IV
  • Peptides
  • Paclitaxel
Topics
  • Animals
  • Collagen Type IV (metabolism)
  • Coronary Restenosis (prevention & control)
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Nanoparticles (therapeutic use)
  • Neointima (prevention & control)
  • Paclitaxel (metabolism, therapeutic use)
  • Peptides (metabolism)
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley

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