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Hydroxyanthraquinones as tumor promoters: enhancement of malignant transformation of C3H mouse fibroblasts and growth stimulation of primary rat hepatocytes.

Abstract
Because danthron, though carcinogenic, does not seem to be genotoxic, it and 8 other hydroxyanthraquinones were comparatively investigated for activities associated with tumor promotion, such as stimulation of cell proliferation and enhancement of malignant transformation. The in vivo treatment of primary rat hepatocytes with danthron, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, and rhein resulted in a 2-3-fold increase of DNA synthesis, lucidin and purpurin were less active, and emodin, purpuroxanthin, and alizarin were essentially inactive. In addition, danthron, rhein, and chrysophanol (preliminary data), but not alizarin, enhanced transformation of C3H/M2 mouse fibroblasts initiated by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or 3-methylcholanthrene. The results of these in vitro studies suggest that hydroxyanthraquinones, possessing 2 hydroxy groups in the 1,8-positions, e.g., danthron, rhein, and chrysophanol, may have tumor-promoting activities. This conclusion is in accordance with the hypothesis that the in vivo carcinogenic activity of danthron may be associated with tumor promotion.
AuthorsD Wölfle, C Schmutte, J Westendorf, H Marquardt
JournalCancer research (Cancer Res) Vol. 50 Issue 20 Pg. 6540-4 (Oct 15 1990) ISSN: 0008-5472 [Print] United States
PMID2208114 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References
  • Anthraquinones
  • Carcinogens
  • Methylnitronitrosoguanidine
  • Methylcholanthrene
  • alizarin
  • DNA
  • rhein
  • danthron
Topics
  • Animals
  • Anthraquinones (toxicity)
  • Carcinogens
  • Cell Division (drug effects)
  • Cell Transformation, Neoplastic (drug effects)
  • Cells, Cultured
  • DNA (biosynthesis)
  • Liver (drug effects)
  • Male
  • Methylcholanthrene
  • Methylnitronitrosoguanidine
  • Rats
  • Rats, Inbred Strains
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

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