Alkamides activate jasmonic acid biosynthesis and signaling pathways and confer resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Abstract

Alkamides are fatty acid amides of wide distribution in plants, structurally related to N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones (AHLs) from Gram-negative bacteria and to N- acylethanolamines (NAEs) from plants and mammals. Global analysis of gene expression changes in Arabidopsis thaliana in response to N-isobutyl decanamide, the most highly active alkamide identified to date, revealed an overrepresentation of defense-responsive transcriptional networks. In particular, genes encoding enzymes for jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis increased their expression, which occurred in parallel with JA, nitric oxide (NO) and H₂O₂ accumulation. The activity of the alkamide to confer resistance against the necrotizing fungus Botrytis cinerea was tested by inoculating Arabidopsis detached leaves with conidiospores and evaluating disease symptoms and fungal proliferation. N-isobutyl decanamide application significantly reduced necrosis caused by the pathogen and inhibited fungal proliferation. Arabidopsis mutants jar1 and coi1 altered in JA signaling and a MAP kinase mutant (mpk6), unlike salicylic acid- (SA) related mutant eds16/sid2-1, were unable to defend from fungal attack even when N-isobutyl decanamide was supplied, indicating that alkamides could modulate some necrotrophic-associated defense responses through JA-dependent and MPK6-regulated signaling pathways. Our results suggest a role of alkamides in plant immunity induction.

• Authors: Alfonso Méndez-Bravo, Carlos Calderón-Vázquez, Enrique Ibarra-Laclette, Javier Raya-González, Enrique Ramírez-Chávez, Jorge Molina-Torres, Angel A Guevara-García, José López-Bucio, Luis Herrera-Estrella
• Journal: PloS one (PLoS One) Vol. 6 Issue 11 Pg. e27251 ( 2011) ISSN: 1932-6203 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 22076141 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Arabidopsis Proteins
• Biomarkers
• Cyclopentanes
• Oxylipins
• Plant Growth Regulators
• Polyunsaturated Alkamides
• RNA, Messenger
• jasmonic acid
• Hydrogen Peroxide

Topics

• Arabidopsis (drug effects, metabolism, microbiology)
• Arabidopsis Proteins (genetics, metabolism)
• Biomarkers (metabolism)
• Blotting, Western
• Botrytis (pathogenicity)
• Cyclopentanes (metabolism)
• Gene Expression Profiling
• Hydrogen Peroxide (metabolism)
• Infection Control
• Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
• Oxylipins (metabolism)
• Plant Diseases (immunology, microbiology, prevention & control)
• Plant Growth Regulators (metabolism)
• Plant Immunity (drug effects)
• Plant Leaves (drug effects, metabolism)
• Polyunsaturated Alkamides (pharmacology)
• RNA, Messenger (genetics)
• Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
• Signal Transduction (drug effects)