The microprocessor complex mediates intranuclear biogenesis of precursor
microRNAs from the
primary microRNA transcript. Extranuclear, mature
microRNAs are incorporated into the
RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) before interaction with complementary target
mRNA leads to transcriptional repression or cleavage. In this study, we investigated the expression profiles of the microprocessor complex subunit
DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8 (DGCR8) and the RISC components argonaute-1 (AGO1), argonaute-2 (AGO2), as well as
double-stranded RNA-binding proteins PACT, TARBP1, and TARBP2 in epithelial
skin cancer and its premalignant stage. Patients with premalignant
actinic keratoses (AK, n = 6),
basal cell carcinomas (BCC, n = 15), and
squamous cell carcinomas (SCC, n = 7) were included in the study. Punch biopsies were harvested from the center of the
tumors (lesional), from healthy skin sites (intraindividual controls), and from healthy skin sites in a healthy control group (n = 16; interindividual control). The DGCR8, AGO1, AGO2, PACT, TARBP1, and TARBP2
mRNA expression levels were detected by quantitative real-time
reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The DGCR8, AGO1, AGO2, PACT, and TARBP1 expression levels were significantly higher in the AK, BCC, and SCC groups than the healthy controls (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the TARBP2 expression levels between groups (P > 0.05). This study indicates that major components of the
miRNA pathway, such as the microprocessor complex and RISC, are dysregulated in epithelial
skin cancer.