Although many studies of
lindane toxicity have been carried out, we still know little about the underlying molecular mechanisms. We used a microarray specifically designed for studies of the hepatotoxic effects of
xenobiotics to evaluate the effects of
lindane on specific gene expression in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. These genes were assigned to detoxication processes (
CYP3A4, Gsta2, CYP4A1), cell signalling pathways and apoptosis (Eif2b3, Eif2b4, PKC). In this study, we demonstrate that
lindane up-regulates PKC by increasing oxidative stress.
TEMPO (a well known
free radical scavenger) and
Ro 31-8220 (an inhibitor of classical
PKCs) prevented the inhibition of spontaneous and intrinsic apoptosis pathway (characterised by Bcl-xL induction, Bax down-regulation,
caspases inhibition) and the induction of
necrosis by
lindane in rat hepatocytes. Thus, these findings indicate that several dependent key signalling pathways, including detoxification, apoptosis, PKC activity and redox status maintenance, contribute to
lindane-induced toxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. This may account more clearly for the acute and chronic effects of
lindane in vivo, with the induction of cell death and tumour promotion, respectively.