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Bisphenol A exposure is associated with in vivo estrogenic gene expression in adults.

AbstractBACKGROUND:
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic estrogen commonly used in polycarbonate plastic and resin-lined food and beverage containers. Exposure of animal and cell models to doses of BPA below the recommended tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 50 μg/kg/day have been shown to alter specific estrogen-responsive gene expression, but this has not previously been shown in humans.
OBJECTIVE:
We investigated associations between BPA exposure and in vivo estrogenic gene expression in humans.
METHODS:
We studied 96 adult men from the InCHIANTI population study and examined in vivo expression of six estrogen receptor, estrogen-related receptor, and androgen receptor genes in peripheral blood leukocytes.
RESULTS:
The geometric mean urinary BPA concentration was 3.65 ng/mL [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.13, 4.28], giving an estimated mean excretion of 5.84 μg/day (95% CI: 5.00, 6.85), significantly below the current TDI. In age-adjusted models, there were positive associations between higher BPA concentrations and higher ESR2 [estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)] expression (unstandardized linear regression coefficient = 0.1804; 95% CI: 0.0388, 0.3221; p = 0.013) and ESRRA (estrogen related receptor alpha) expression (coefficient = 0.1718; 95% CI: 0.0213, 0.3223; p = 0.026): These associations were little changed after adjusting for potential confounders, including obesity, serum lipid concentrations, and white cell subtype percentages. Upper-tertile BPA excretors (urinary BPA > 4.6 ng/mL) had 65% higher mean ESR2 expression than did lower-tertile BPA excretors (0-2.4 ng/mL).
CONCLUSIONS:
Because activation of nuclear-receptor-mediated pathways by BPA is consistently found in laboratory studies, such activation in humans provides evidence that BPA is likely to function as a xenoestrogen in this sample of adults.
AuthorsDavid Melzer, Lorna Harries, Riccardo Cipelli, William Henley, Cathryn Money, Paul McCormack, Anita Young, Jack Guralnik, Luigi Ferrucci, Stefania Bandinelli, Anna Maria Corsi, Tamara Galloway
JournalEnvironmental health perspectives (Environ Health Perspect) Vol. 119 Issue 12 Pg. 1788-93 (Dec 2011) ISSN: 1552-9924 [Electronic] United States
PMID21831745 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References
  • Benzhydryl Compounds
  • Endocrine Disruptors
  • Phenols
  • Receptors, Androgen
  • Receptors, Estrogen
  • bisphenol A
Topics
  • Adult
  • Benzhydryl Compounds
  • Endocrine Disruptors (toxicity, urine)
  • Environmental Exposure
  • Gene Expression Regulation (drug effects)
  • Humans
  • Italy
  • Leukocytes (metabolism)
  • Linear Models
  • Phenols (toxicity, urine)
  • Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Receptors, Androgen (metabolism)
  • Receptors, Estrogen (metabolism)
  • Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

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