Lipodystrophy is a major disease involving severe alterations of adipose tissue distribution and metabolism. Mutations in genes encoding the nuclear envelope
protein lamin A or its processing
enzyme, the
metalloproteinase Zmpste24, cause diverse human progeroid syndromes that are commonly characterized by a selective loss of adipose tissue. Similarly to humans, mice deficient in Zmpste24 accumulate
prelamin A and display phenotypic features of accelerated aging, including
lipodystrophy. Herein, we report the
proteome and phosphoproteome of adipose tissue as well as serum metabolome in
lipodystrophy by using Zmpste24(-/-) mice as experimental model. We show that Zmpste24 deficiency enhanced lipolysis,
fatty acid biogenesis and β-oxidation as well as decreased
fatty acid re-esterification, thus pointing to an increased partitioning of
fatty acid toward β-oxidation and away from storage that likely underlies the observed size reduction of Zmpste24-null adipocytes. Besides the
mitochondrial proteins related to lipid metabolism, other
protein networks related to mitochondrial function, including those involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, were up-regulated in Zmpste24(-/-) mice. These results, together with the observation of an increased mitochondrial response to oxidative stress, support the relationship between defective
prelamin A processing and
mitochondrial dysfunction and highlight the relevance of oxidative damage in lipoatrophy and aging. We also show that absence of Zmpste24 profoundly alters the processing of the cytoskeletal
protein vimentin and identify a novel
protein dysregulated in
lipodystrophy, High-Mobility Group Box-1
Protein. Finally, we found several
lipid derivates with important roles in energy balance, such as
Lysophosphatidylcholine or
2-arachidonoylglycerol, to be dysregulated in Zmpste24(-/-) serum. Together, our findings in Zmpste24(-/-) mice may be useful to unveil the mechanisms underlying adipose tissue dysfunction and its overall contribution to body homeostasis in
progeria and other
lipodystrophy syndromes as well as to develop novel strategies to prevent or ameliorate these diseases.