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Progesterone and Nestorone facilitate axon remyelination: a role for progesterone receptors.

Abstract
Enhancing the endogenous capacity of myelin repair is a major therapeutic challenge in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. We found that progesterone and the synthetic 19-norprogesterone derivative 16-methylene-17α-acetoxy-19-norpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione (Nestorone) promote the remyelination of axons by oligodendrocytes after lysolecithin-induced demyelination in organotypic cultures of cerebellar slices taken from postnatal rats or mice. The intracellular progesterone receptors (PR) mediate the proremyelinating actions of Nestorone, because they are not observed in slices from PR knockout mice. Notably, Nestorone was less efficient in heterozygous mice, expressing reduced levels of PR, suggesting PR haploinsufficiency in myelin repair. Using mice expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of the proteolipid gene promoter, we showed that both progesterone and Nestorone strongly increased the reappearance of cells of the oligodendroglial lineage in the demyelinated slices. In contrast to Nestorone, the pregnane derivative medroxyprogesterone acetate had no effect. The increase in oligodendroglial cells by Nestorone resulted from enhanced NG2(+) and Olig2(+) oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) recruitment. In cocultures of lysolecithin-demyelinated cerebellar slices from wild-type mice apposed to brain stem slices of proteolipid gene promoter-EGFP mice, Nestorone stimulated the migration of OPC towards demyelinated axons. In this coculture paradigm, Nestorone indeed markedly increased the number of EGFP(+) cells migrating into the demyelinated cerebellar slices. Our results show that Nestorone stimulates the recruitment and maturation of OPC, two steps which are limiting for efficient myelin repair. They may thus open new perspectives for the use of progestins, which selectively target PR, to promote the endogenous regeneration of myelin.
AuthorsRashad Hussain, Martine El-Etr, Ouardia Gaci, Jennifer Rakotomamonjy, Wendy B Macklin, Narender Kumar, Regine Sitruk-Ware, Michael Schumacher, Abdel M Ghoumari
JournalEndocrinology (Endocrinology) Vol. 152 Issue 10 Pg. 3820-31 (Oct 2011) ISSN: 1945-7170 [Electronic] United States
PMID21828184 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References
  • Norprogesterones
  • Receptors, Progesterone
  • Progesterone
  • ST 1435
  • Medroxyprogesterone Acetate
Topics
  • Animals
  • Axons (drug effects, physiology)
  • Cell Movement (drug effects)
  • Male
  • Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (pharmacology)
  • Myelin Sheath (drug effects, physiology)
  • Norprogesterones (pharmacology)
  • Oligodendroglia (drug effects)
  • Progesterone (pharmacology)
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Receptors, Progesterone (physiology)

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