Abstract |
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is activated during and contributes to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Attenuation of ER stress-induced apoptosis protects the heart against I/R injury. Using apelin, a ligand used to activate the apelin APJ receptor, which is known to be cardioprotective, this study was designed to investigate 1) the time course of changes in I/R injury after ER stress; 2) whether apelin infusion protects the heart against I/R injury via modulation of ER stress-dependent apoptosis signaling pathways; and 3) how phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and ERK activation are involved in the protection offered by apelin treatment. The results showed that, using an in vivo rat I/R model induced by 30 min of ischemia followed by reperfusion, infarct size (IS) increased from 2 h of reperfusion (34.85 ± 2.14%) to 12 h of reperfusion (48.98 ± 3.35, P < 0.05), which was associated with an abrupt increase in ER stress-dependent apoptosis activation, as evidenced by increased CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), caspase-12, and JNK activation (CHOP: 2.49-fold increase, caspase-12: 2.09-fold increase, and JNK: 3.38-fold increase, P < 0.05, respectively). Administration of apelin at 1 μg/kg not only completely abolished the activation of ER stress-induced apoptosis signaling pathways at 2 h of reperfusion but also significantly attenuated time-related changes at 24 h of reperfusion. Using pharmacological inhibition, we also demonstrated that PI3K/Akt, AMPK, and ERK activation were involved in the protection against I/R injury via inhibition of ER stress-dependent apoptosis activation. In contrast, although eNOS activation played a role in decreasing IS at 2 h of reperfusion, it failed to modify either IS or ER stress-induced apoptosis signaling pathways at 24 h after reperfusion.
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Authors | Jianping Tao, Wei Zhu, Yapeng Li, Ping Xin, Jing Li, Mingya Liu, Jingbo Li, Andrew N Redington, Meng Wei |
Journal | American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology
(Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol)
Vol. 301
Issue 4
Pg. H1471-86
(Oct 2011)
ISSN: 1522-1539 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 21803944
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Chemical References |
- Cardiotonic Agents
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- apelin-13 peptide
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
- Oncogene Protein v-akt
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases
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Topics |
- Animals
- Apoptosis
(drug effects)
- Blood Pressure
(drug effects)
- Blotting, Western
- Cardiotonic Agents
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
(drug effects)
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases
(physiology)
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
(pharmacology)
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Myocardial Infarction
(pathology)
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury
(mortality, prevention & control)
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
(physiology)
- Oncogene Protein v-akt
(physiology)
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
(metabolism)
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Risk Assessment
- Signal Transduction
(drug effects)
- Time Factors
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