Risk factors for nausea and vomiting after day care general anesthesia in mentally challenged patients undergoing dental treatment.

Abstract

Clinically, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) may be higher in mentally challenged patients than in normal healthy patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for PONV after day care general anesthesia in mentally challenged patients undergoing dental treatment. We analyzed data on 231 day care general anesthesia cases involving mentally challenged patients undergoing dental treatment. Anesthetic records for the past 5 years were investigated retrospectively. Ten items (age, body weight, sex, duration of general anesthesia, use of propofol, use of sevoflurane, use of nitrous oxide, use of neostigmine, treatment accompanied with bleeding, and transfusion volume) were selected as risk factors for PONV. Postoperative nausea and vomiting was evaluated using the postoperative check sheet and linear discriminant analysis was performed to distinguish PONV incidence using the 10 items as independent variables. The reliability of the linear discriminant function was evaluated using a misjudgment rate and information criteria (AIC). Postoperative nausea and vomiting was observed in 13 cases out of 231 cases. The discriminant function with the smallest AIC (-25.0718) consisted of two independent variables: y=-0.077x(1)-0.001x(2)+0.0716(x(1)=use of propofol, x(2)=age). The misjudgment rate was 31.6%. This result suggests that PONV decreases when propofol is used and that the incidence of PONV decreases with age. To investigate other risk factors, an additional analysis was performed using 83 out of the 231 cases in which sevoflurane was used as an anesthetic agent. The results of the subgroup analysis suggest that the incidence of PONV decreases in male patients and higher weight patients, although the patient's body weight may be related to age, as the study cohort included many children. It is suggested that the major risks for PONV in mentally challenged patients after day care general anesthesia are no use of propofol, lower age, female sex and lower weight.

• Authors: Junko Yumura, Erika Nakata, Mami Miyata, Tatsuya Ichinohe, Yuzuru Kaneko
• Journal: The Bulletin of Tokyo Dental College (Bull Tokyo Dent Coll) Vol. 52 Issue 2 Pg. 113-8 ( 2011) ISSN: 0040-8891 [Print] Japan
• PMID: 21701124 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Anesthetics, Inhalation
• Antiemetics
• Hypnotics and Sedatives
• Methyl Ethers
• Muscle Relaxants, Central
• Sevoflurane
• Neostigmine
• Nitrous Oxide
• Propofol

Topics

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Age Factors
• Ambulatory Surgical Procedures (adverse effects)
• Anesthesia, Dental (methods)
• Anesthesia, General (adverse effects)
• Anesthetics, Inhalation (adverse effects)
• Antiemetics (therapeutic use)
• Blood Loss, Surgical
• Body Weight
• Child
• Discriminant Analysis
• Female
• Humans
• Hypnotics and Sedatives (therapeutic use)
• Intellectual Disability (complications)
• Male
• Methyl Ethers (adverse effects)
• Muscle Relaxants, Central (antagonists & inhibitors)
• Neostigmine (adverse effects)
• Nitrous Oxide (adverse effects)
• Oral Surgical Procedures (adverse effects)
• Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (etiology, prevention & control)
• Propofol (therapeutic use)
• Risk Factors
• Sevoflurane
• Sex Factors
• Young Adult