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Pharmacokinetics of oral sitamaquine taken with or without food and safety and efficacy for treatment of visceral leishmaniais: a randomized study in Bihar, India.

Abstract
This randomized, open-label study of patients in India with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) investigated the effect of food on sitamaquine and desethyl-sitamaquine pharmacokinetics. Patients were randomized to receive oral sitamaquine, 2 mg/kg/day, once a day for 21 days across four cohorts (n = 41) (fasted/fed, fed/fasted, fed/fed, and fasted/fasted) over two periods (days 1-10 and 11-21), or intravenous amphotericin B (AmB), 1 mg/kg every other day for 30 days (n = 20). Mean day 21 pharmacokinetics across the four cohorts were sitamaquine, area under curve (AUC)((0-τ)) = 6,627-8,903 ng.hr/mL, AUC((0-16)) = 4,859-6,633 ng.hr/mL, maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) = 401-570 ng/mL, apparent terminal half-life (t(1/2)) = 18.3-22.8 hr, time to reach C(max) (t(max)) = 3.5-6 hr; and desethyl-sitamaquine, AUC((0-τ)) = 2,307-3,163 ng.hr/mL, C(max) = 109-154 ng/mL, t(1/2) = 23.0-27.9 hr, t(max) = 2-10 hr, with no significant food effect. On-therapy adverse events were observed for sitamaquine in 4 (10%) of 41 patients and for AmB in 17 (85%) of 20 patients. The final clinical cure (day 180) was 85% (95% confidence interval = 70.8-94.4%) for sitamaquine and 95% (95% confidence interval = 75.1-99.9) for AmB. Sitamaquine can be taken regardless of food intake, was generally well tolerated, and showed potential efficacy in patients with visceral leishmaniasis.
AuthorsShyam Sundar, Prabhat K Sinha, Susan A Dixon, Renata Buckley, Ann K Miller, Khadeeja Mohamed, Mahir Al-Banna
JournalThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene (Am J Trop Med Hyg) Vol. 84 Issue 6 Pg. 892-900 (Jun 2011) ISSN: 1476-1645 [Electronic] United States
PMID21633025 (Publication Type: Clinical Trial, Phase II, Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References
  • Aminoquinolines
  • Antiprotozoal Agents
  • Amphotericin B
  • 8-aminoquinoline
Topics
  • Administration, Oral
  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aminoquinolines (pharmacokinetics)
  • Amphotericin B (pharmacokinetics)
  • Antiprotozoal Agents (pharmacokinetics)
  • Area Under Curve
  • Cohort Studies
  • Cross-Over Studies
  • Fasting
  • Female
  • Food
  • Food-Drug Interactions
  • Half-Life
  • Humans
  • India
  • Leishmaniasis, Visceral (drug therapy, pathology)
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Prospective Studies
  • Young Adult

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