This paper compares the pleiotropic effects of
statins and
omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in treating and preventing
cardiovascular disease (CVD) and deals with the possible interactions of those compounds.
Statins represent one of the most important discoveries to have been made in the field of cardiovascular medicine in recent decades. Their beneficial cardiovascular effects, which have reduced the number of fatal events in patients with
atherosclerosis, encompass more than their ability to lower
cholesterol levels. The pleiotropic effects of
statins involve their anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet properties and their ability to normalize endothelial function. In addition, these drugs may display antiarrhythmic activity, improve
insulin sensitivity and counteract
hypertension and
obesity. The low rate of
coronary disease documented in Eskimos corroborates the cardioprotective effects of the
n-3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and
docosahexaenoic acids beyond their hypolipemic effects. The reduction of CVD-related deaths attributable to the action of α-linolenic
fatty acid appears to be related to its strong antiarrhythmic properties. In addition, as a precursor of EPA and this last
fatty acid of
thromboxane A3,
prostacyclin I3, serie-3 prostaglandines and serie 5-leukotrines and inhibitor/modulator of
thromboxane A2,
prostacyclin I2, serie-2 prostaglandines and serie 4-leukotrienes formation, the α-
linolenic acid may reduce
inflammation and thrombogenesis. As results of some studies suggest that the combined use of
statins and
n-3 PUFA improves cardiovascular protection and reduces the CVD-related mortality rate; the paper also reviews the possible synergism between both groups of compounds on CVD treatment and concludes that clear benefits may be obtained.