Biological abilities of rice bran-derived antioxidant phytochemicals for medical therapy.

Abstract

Rice bran contains important bioactive phytochemicals. Among these phytochemicals, steryl ferulates including γ-oryzanol and its major components such as cycloartenyl ferulate (CAF), 24-methylenecycloartanyl ferulate (24-mCAF), β-sitosteryl ferulate (β-SF), and campesteryl ferulate have been intensively studied due to their crucial roles in pathological processes. On the basis of experimental studies published during the last decade in relation to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcerogenic, hypolipidemic, anti-neoplastic, anti-diabetic, and anti-allergic phenomena, these bioactive phytochemicals are reviewed in this paper. Particularly, in vivo and in vitro studies have clarified that rice bran phytosteryl ferulates mediate anti-inflammatory effects by down-regulating the inflammatory transcription factor, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), which in turn reduces expression of inflammatory enzymes such as COX-2 and iNOS, and proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Moreover, rice bran phytosteryl ferulates up-regulate blood adiponectin levels via indirect activation of peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) through NF-κB inhibition. In this review, we discuss potential pharmacological aspects of rice bran phytosteryl ferulates in the clinical setting.

• Authors: Md Shafiqul Islam, Reiko Nagasaka, Kazuyuki Ohara, Takamitsu Hosoya, Hiroshi Ozaki, Hideki Ushio, Masatoshi Hori
• Journal: Current topics in medicinal chemistry (Curr Top Med Chem) Vol. 11 Issue 14 Pg. 1847-53 ( 2011) ISSN: 1873-4294 [Electronic] United Arab Emirates
• PMID: 21506933 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review)

Chemical References

• Adiponectin
• Anti-Allergic Agents
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents
• Coumaric Acids
• Interleukin-6
• NF-kappa B
• PPAR gamma
• Phenylpropionates
• Phytosterols
• Plant Extracts
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
• cycloartenyl ferulate
• NOS2 protein, human
• Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
• Cyclooxygenase 2
• PTGS2 protein, human
• gamma-oryzanol

Topics

• Adiponectin (biosynthesis)
• Animals
• Anti-Allergic Agents (chemistry, pharmacology)
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents (chemistry, pharmacology)
• Coumaric Acids (pharmacology)
• Cyclooxygenase 2 (biosynthesis)
• Humans
• Hypersensitivity (drug therapy, immunology, metabolism, physiopathology)
• Immunity (drug effects)
• Inflammation (drug therapy, immunology, metabolism, physiopathology)
• Interleukin-6 (antagonists & inhibitors, biosynthesis)
• Mice
• NF-kappa B (antagonists & inhibitors, biosynthesis)
• Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II (antagonists & inhibitors, biosynthesis)
• Oryza (chemistry)
• Oxidative Stress (drug effects)
• PPAR gamma (biosynthesis)
• Phenylpropionates (pharmacology)
• Phytosterols (pharmacology)
• Plant Extracts (chemistry, pharmacology)
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (antagonists & inhibitors, biosynthesis)
• Up-Regulation