Abstract | AIM:
Antioxidant transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been shown in our previous studies to play a crucial role in protection against TBI induced inflammatory response in the brain. The objective of this study was to test whether tert-butylhydroquinone ( tBHQ), a novel Nrf2 activator, can protect mice brain against TBI-induced inflammatory damage. METHODS: Adult male ICR mice were randomly divided into three groups: (1) sham+vehicle group; (2) TBI+vehicle group; and (3) TBI+tBHQ group (n=12 per group). Closed head injury was adopted using Hall's weight-dropping method. We measured Nrf2 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) binding activities by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), brain oedema by wet/dry weight method, and cortical apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) analysis. RESULTS: Induction of the Nrf2 activity by tBHQ markedly decreased NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production in the injured brain. Administration of tBHQ also significantly attenuated TBI-induced brain oedema and cortical apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Pre-treatment with tBHQ could attenuate the cerebral inflammatory response after TBI.
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Authors | Wei Jin, Jie Kong, Handong Wang, Jun Wu, Tianyu Lu, Jian Jiang, Hongbin Ni, Weibang Liang |
Journal | Injury
(Injury)
Vol. 42
Issue 7
Pg. 714-8
(Jul 2011)
ISSN: 1879-0267 [Electronic] Netherlands |
PMID | 21466884
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Copyright | Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
Chemical References |
- Hydroquinones
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2
- Neuroprotective Agents
- 2-tert-butylhydroquinone
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Topics |
- Animals
- Brain Injuries
(complications)
- Cerebral Cortex
(drug effects, metabolism)
- Encephalitis
(drug therapy, etiology)
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Hydroquinones
(administration & dosage)
- Male
- Mice
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2
(physiology)
- Neuroprotective Agents
(administration & dosage)
- Random Allocation
- Up-Regulation
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