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Septo-optic dysplasia and other midline defects: the role of transcription factors: HESX1 and beyond.

Abstract
Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is a highly heterogeneous condition comprising variable phenotypes including midline and forebrain abnormalities, optic nerve and pituitary hypoplasia. Most instances of SOD are sporadic and several aetiologies including drug and alcohol abuse have been suggested to account for the pathogenesis of the condition. However, a number of familial cases have been described with an increasing number of mutations in developmental transcription factors including HESX1, SOX2, SOX3 and OTX2 being implicated in its aetiology. These factors are essential for normal forebrain/pituitary development, and disruptions to these genes could account for the features observed in SOD and other midline disorders. The variable phenotypes observed within the condition are most likely due to the varying contributions of genetic and environmental factors. This review will discuss the current knowledge about SOD. Further study of these and other novel factors may shed light on the complex aetiology of this condition.
AuthorsMark James McCabe, Kyriaki S Alatzoglou, Mehul T Dattani
JournalBest practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism (Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab) Vol. 25 Issue 1 Pg. 115-24 (Feb 2011) ISSN: 1878-1594 [Electronic] Netherlands
PMID21396578 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
CopyrightCopyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Chemical References
  • HESX1 protein, human
  • Homeodomain Proteins
  • OTX2 protein, human
  • Otx Transcription Factors
  • SOX2 protein, human
  • SOX3 protein, human
  • SOXB1 Transcription Factors
Topics
  • Animals
  • Environmental Exposure
  • Female
  • Homeodomain Proteins (genetics)
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Otx Transcription Factors (genetics)
  • Phenotype
  • Pituitary Gland (abnormalities, embryology)
  • Prosencephalon (embryology)
  • SOXB1 Transcription Factors (genetics)
  • Septo-Optic Dysplasia (genetics, pathology)

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