Abstract |
Hypertension affects 29% of US adults and is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological data support contribution of several dietary and other lifestyle-related factors to the development of high blood pressure (BP). Several clinical trials investigated the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions and lifestyle modifications to reduce BP. Best evidence from randomized controlled trials supports BP-lowering effects of weight loss, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension ( DASH) diet, and dietary sodium (Na(+)) reduction in those with prehypertension, with more pronounced effects in those with hypertension. In hypertensive participants, the effects on BP of DASH combined with low Na(+) alone or with the addition of weight loss were greater than or equal to those of single- drug therapy. Trials where food was provided to participants were more successful in showing a BP-lowering effect. However, clinical studies with long-term follow-up revealed that lifestyle modifications were difficult to maintain. Findings from controlled trials of increased potassium, calcium, or magnesium intake, or reduction in alcohol intake revealed modest BP-lowering effects and are less conclusive. The reported effects of exercise independent of weight loss on BP are inconsistent.
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Authors | S Susan Hedayati, Essam F Elsayed, Robert F Reilly |
Journal | Kidney international
(Kidney Int)
Vol. 79
Issue 10
Pg. 1061-70
(May 2011)
ISSN: 1523-1755 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 21389976
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Review)
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Chemical References |
- Calcium, Dietary
- Potassium, Dietary
- Magnesium
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Topics |
- Alcohol Drinking
- Calcium, Dietary
(administration & dosage)
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Diet
- Diet, Sodium-Restricted
- Exercise
- Humans
- Hypertension
(therapy)
- Magnesium
(administration & dosage)
- Potassium, Dietary
(administration & dosage)
- Weight Loss
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