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ω-3 fatty acids attenuate mucosal inflammation in premature rat pups.

AbstractBACKGROUND:
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating intestinal disease of premature infants. Although ω-3 fatty acids are known to have antiinflammatory effects, their effect against NEC remains unclear.
METHODS:
Mother rats fed a soybean-based, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)- or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-enriched diet from days 7 to 20 of gestation were examined. On day 20, the rat pups were delivered by abdominal incision, their intestines were removed, and messenger RNA was extracted. A rat NEC model was used to confirm the effects of ω-3 fatty acids on the inflamed intestine (n = 20-28). The expression of inflammatory molecules was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (n = 11-14).
RESULTS:
The concentrations of DHA and EPA in the intestine were significantly increased in the DHA and EPA groups (P < .01). The expression of the antiinflammatory prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 was increased in the DHA (P < .05) and EPA groups (P < .01). In the NEC model, the reduced incidence of colitis was confirmed in the DHA and EPA groups. The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ was increased (P < .05), and the inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB α/β decreased in both the DHA (P < .01) and EPA groups (P < .05).
CONCLUSION:
Our findings indicate that ω-3 fatty acids are beneficial for protecting the premature intestine from inflammation by regulating eicosanoid- and nuclear factor-κB-related metabolite expression.
AuthorsYoshikazu Ohtsuka, Kyo Okada, Yoko Yamakawa, Tamaki Ikuse, Yosuke Baba, Eisuke Inage, Tohru Fujii, Hirohisa Izumi, Kyoichi Oshida, Satoru Nagata, Yuichiro Yamashiro, Toshiaki Shimizu
JournalJournal of pediatric surgery (J Pediatr Surg) Vol. 46 Issue 3 Pg. 489-95 (Mar 2011) ISSN: 1531-5037 [Electronic] United States
PMID21376198 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
CopyrightCopyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Chemical References
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents
  • Dietary Fats, Unsaturated
  • Fatty Acids
  • NF-kappa B
  • PPAR gamma
  • Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype
  • Docosahexaenoic Acids
  • Soybean Oil
  • Eicosapentaenoic Acid
Topics
  • Animals
  • Animals, Newborn
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents (administration & dosage, pharmacology, therapeutic use)
  • Dietary Fats, Unsaturated (administration & dosage, therapeutic use)
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Docosahexaenoic Acids (administration & dosage, pharmacology, therapeutic use)
  • Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
  • Eicosapentaenoic Acid (administration & dosage, pharmacology, therapeutic use)
  • Enterocolitis, Necrotizing (chemically induced, prevention & control)
  • Fatty Acids (analysis)
  • Female
  • Gene Expression Regulation (drug effects)
  • Ileum (chemistry, drug effects, embryology)
  • Infant Food (toxicity)
  • Intestinal Mucosa (drug effects)
  • Maternal-Fetal Exchange
  • Models, Animal
  • NF-kappa B (drug effects)
  • PPAR gamma (biosynthesis, genetics)
  • Pregnancy
  • Random Allocation
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype (biosynthesis, genetics)
  • Soybean Oil
  • Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms

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