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Regulation of Axl receptor tyrosine kinase expression by miR-34a and miR-199a/b in solid cancer.

Abstract
Axl is a receptor that induces proliferation, migration and invasion in cancer. In this study, we show that specific microRNAs (miRNAs) target the 3'-UTR of Axl. Luciferase-reporter assays with wild-type and deleted miR-34 and miR-199a/b seed sequences of Axl 3'-UTR confirmed the specificity of targeting. An inverse correlation between Axl protein and miR-34a expression in a panel of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), colorectal cancer (CRC) and breast cancer (BRC) cell lines was observed, while miR-199a/b expression was completely suppressed. Pre-miR transfection inhibited in vitro migration and invasion and, in vivo, reduced the number of distant lung- or liver-metastases in a chorion-allantoic-membrane (CAM) assay. Moreover, methylation-specific PCR on bisulfite-converted DNA obtained from the cell lines showed that the miR-34a promoter methylation status was inversely correlated with its expression, and that miR-199a/b promoter regions were methylated in all cells tested. In a panel of NSCLC tissues (n=44), miR-34a and miR-199a/b were found to be downregulated and significantly co-expressed. A lower expression of all three miRs was significantly associated with squamous histotypes, and, in a preliminary series, NSCLC patients with miR-34a upregulation showed a positive association towards a longer survival. These results indicate that Axl receptor expression can be regulated by miR-34a and miR-199a/b, which are suppressed by promoter methylation in solid cancer cells.
AuthorsG Mudduluru, P Ceppi, R Kumarswamy, G V Scagliotti, M Papotti, H Allgayer
JournalOncogene (Oncogene) Vol. 30 Issue 25 Pg. 2888-99 (Jun 23 2011) ISSN: 1476-5594 [Electronic] England
PMID21317930 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References
  • 3' Untranslated Regions
  • MIRN19 microRNA, human
  • MIRN34 microRNA, human
  • MicroRNAs
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins
  • Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
  • Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
  • AXL protein, human
Topics
  • 3' Untranslated Regions
  • Animals
  • Base Sequence
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • DNA Methylation
  • Humans
  • MicroRNAs (genetics, physiology)
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness (genetics)
  • Neoplasm Metastasis (genetics)
  • Neoplasms (enzymology, genetics, pathology)
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins (genetics)
  • Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases (genetics)
  • Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
  • Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinase

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