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Substrate specificity of Rv3378c, an enzyme from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the inhibitory activity of the bicyclic diterpenoids against macrophage phagocytosis.

Abstract
The Rv3378c gene product from Mycobacterium tuberculosis encodes a diterpene synthase to produce tuberculosinol (3), 13R-isotuberculosinol (4a), and 13S-isotuberculosinol (4b) from tuberculosinyl diphosphate (2). The product distribution ratios are 1 : 1 for 3 to 4 and 1 : 3 for 4a to 4b. The substrate specificity of the Rv3378c-encoded enzyme was examined. The 3 labdadienyl diphosphates, copalyl diphosphate (CDP) (7), ent-CDP (8), and syn-CDP (9), underwent the conversion reaction, with good yields (67-78%). Copalol (23) and manool (24) were produced from 7, ent-copalol (25) and ent-manool (26) from 8, and syn-copalol (27) and vitexifolin A (28) from 9. The ratio of 23 to 24 was 40 : 27, that of 25:26 was 22 : 50, and that of 27:28 was 16 : 62. Analysis on a GC-MS chromatograph equipped with a chiral column revealed that 24, 26, and 28 consisted of a mixture of 13R- (a) and 13S-stereoisomers (b) in the following ratio: ca. 1 : 1 for 24a to 24b, ca. 1 : 5 for 26a to 26b, and ca. 1 : 19 for 28a to 28b. The structures of these products indicate that the reactions of the 3 CDPs proceeded in the same fashion as that of 2. This is the first report on the enzymatic synthesis of natural diterpenes manool, ent-manool, and vitexifolin A. Both Rv3377c and Rv3378c genes are found in virulent Mycobacterium species, but not in avirulent species. We found that 3 and 4 inhibited the phagocytosis of opsonized zymosan particles by human macrophage-like cells. Interestingly, the inhibitory activity was synergistically increased by the coexistence of 3 and 4b. Other labdane-related diterpenes, 13-16 and 23-28, had little or no inhibitory activity. This synergistic inhibition by 3 and 4 may provide further advantage to the impairment of phagocyte function, which might contribute to pathogenicity of M. tuberculosis.
AuthorsTsutomu Hoshino, Chiaki Nakano, Takahiro Ootsuka, Yosuke Shinohara, Takashi Hara
JournalOrganic & biomolecular chemistry (Org Biomol Chem) Vol. 9 Issue 7 Pg. 2156-65 (Apr 07 2011) ISSN: 1477-0539 [Electronic] England
PMID21290071 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References
  • Bridged Bicyclo Compounds
  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • Diterpenes
  • Lsr2 protein, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Topics
  • Biocatalysis
  • Bridged Bicyclo Compounds (chemistry, pharmacology)
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • DNA-Binding Proteins (metabolism)
  • Diterpenes (chemistry, pharmacology)
  • Humans
  • Macrophages (drug effects)
  • Molecular Structure
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis (enzymology)
  • Phagocytosis (drug effects)
  • Substrate Specificity

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