The efficacy of host response modulation therapy (omega-3 plus low-dose aspirin) as an adjunctive treatment of chronic periodontitis (clinical and biochemical study).

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Regeneration of lost periodontal tissues is considered to be one of the most challenging aspects of periodontal therapy. Our current understanding of the role of the host immuno-inflammatory response in periodontal diseases forms the basis of new therapeutic approaches. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of systemic administration of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids plus low-dose aspirin as an adjunctive treatment to regenerative therapy of furcation defects.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Forty patients displaying at least a single grade II furcation defect were enrolled in the study. They were randomly allocated into two groups: an experimental group receiving decalcified freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) + omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids combined with low-dose aspirin; and a control group receiving DFDBA + placebo. Clinical parameters were monitored at baseline, and at 3 and 6 mo following therapy, and included plaque index, gingival index, gingival bleeding index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level. The biochemical markers assessed in gingival crevicular fluid samples were interleukin-1β and interleukin-10.

RESULTS:

The experimental intervention resulted in a greater mean probing pocket depth reduction (P < 0.001) and gain in clinical attachment (P < 0.05) compared with the control at 6 mo. Furthermore, the experimental protocol was able to achieve a significant modulatory effect on the levels of interleukin-1β and interleukin-10 compared with control therapy.

CONCLUSION:

The findings suggest that the combination therapy demonstrated successful reduction of gingival inflammation, reduction of pocket depth and attachment level gain, accompanied by a trend for modulation of the cytokines profile in gingival crevicular fluid.

• Authors: A M Elkhouli
• Journal: Journal of periodontal research (J Periodontal Res) Vol. 46 Issue 2 Pg. 261-8 (Apr 2011) ISSN: 1600-0765 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 21261621 (Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial)
• Copyright: © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

Chemical References

• Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
• Fatty Acids, Omega-3
• Interleukin-1beta
• Placebos
• Interleukin-10
• Aspirin

Topics

• Administration, Oral
• Adult
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal (administration & dosage, therapeutic use)
• Aspirin (administration & dosage, therapeutic use)
• Bone Transplantation (methods)
• Chronic Periodontitis (immunology, surgery)
• Combined Modality Therapy
• Dental Plaque Index
• Double-Blind Method
• Fatty Acids, Omega-3 (administration & dosage, therapeutic use)
• Female
• Follow-Up Studies
• Furcation Defects (immunology, surgery)
• Gingival Crevicular Fluid (immunology)
• Gingival Hemorrhage (surgery)
• Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal (methods)
• Humans
• Immunomodulation (immunology)
• Interleukin-10 (analysis)
• Interleukin-1beta (analysis)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Periodontal Attachment Loss (surgery)
• Periodontal Index
• Periodontal Pocket (surgery)
• Placebos